wiki:TBR/BSP/Beagleboard

Beagleboard

BSP_nameBeagleBoard?
ManufacturerTexas Instruments
ImageBeagle Board big.jpg
captionBeagleBoard? rev.B
Board_URLhttp:/beagleboard.org
ArchitectureARM
CPU_modelCortex-A8
MonitoruBoot
SimulatorYes. QEMU?
AliasesNone
RAM256 MB LPDDR RAM
NVMEM256 MB NAND Flash memory
SerialTBD
VideoS-Video, DVI
NICsTBD
OtherTBD

Overview

This page documents the currently un-mainline support for the original Beagleboard.

For an overview of it and related targets, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeagleBoard

A blog post with full details of how to reproduce everything from this BSP on scratch and a few more things like a script for writing an SD card: http://www.shrike-systems.com/beagleboard-xm-beaglebone-black-and-everything-else-rtems-on-the-beagles.html

Ben and Chris's Big Beagleboard Adventure

The following are some notes about Ben and Chris's project to get full support for Beagleboards into the RTEMS kernel source.

The plan is support all Beagleboards from the xM to the Black and White with JTAG debugging if possible.

GIT Repo

Ben has a WIP git repo. Use at your own risk.

https://github.com/bengras/rtems/tree/beaglebone-wip

If you want to track the RTEMS master repo and Ben's WIP branch try the following:

  $ git clone git://git.rtems.org/data/rtems.git
  Cloning into 'rtems'...
  remote: Counting objects: 449200, done.
  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (82131/82131), done.
  remote: Total 449200 (delta 364296), reused 442014 (delta 357735)
  Receiving objects: 100% (449200/449200), 61.24 MiB | 490.00 KiB/s, done.
  Resolving deltas: 100% (364296/364296), done.
  Checking connectivity... done.
  Checking out files: 100% (9947/9947), done.
  $ cd rtems
  $ git remote add ben https://github.com/bengras/rtems.git
  $ git fetch ben
  remote: Counting objects: 434, done.
  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (201/201), done.
  remote: Total 434 (delta 259), reused 334 (delta 210)
  Receiving objects: 100% (434/434), 125.08 KiB | 137.00 KiB/s, done.
  Resolving deltas: 100% (259/259), done.
  From https://github.com/bengras/rtems
   * [new branch]      beaglebone-wip -> ben/beaglebone-wip
   * [new branch]      master     -> ben/master
  $ git branch --track beaglebone-wip ben/beaglebone-wip
  Branch beaglebone-wip set up to track remote branch beaglebone-wip from ben.
  $ git checkout beaglebone-wip
  Switched to branch 'beaglebone-wip'

To update the branch to the current master fetch the origin then:

  $ git checkout beaglebone-wip
  Switched to branch 'beaglebone-wip'
  $ git rebase master
  First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
  Applying: Added BeagleBoard BSP
  Applying: Basic BSP for BeagleBoard and Beaglebones
  Applying: testing
  Applying: nothing
  ....

Debugging

Using the xM and JTAG I cannot get Ben's build to work. The problem is no UART set up because it is not set up by the time JTAG is given control. From reading the TRM and by playing around it seems some code is being loaded off the SD card and that is setting up DRAM plus other things however the UART is not setup. If the SD card is removed the code sits in the ROM code. As a result we need a boot monitor of some form to get things working until supporting initialisation code is added to RTEMS we decide to settle on U-Boot as the initialisation code.

JTAG

I use a Flyswatter2 from Rusty at Tincan Tools (http://www.tincantools.com/JTAG/Flyswatter2.html). You can also buy an adaptor board for the xM that makes connecting simple. The software is OpenOCD (http://openocd.sourceforge.net/). I build from git with a range of unrelated patches for SMP support on the Zynq. The git repo is http://sourceforge.net/p/openocd/code/ci/master/tree/. I use a special prefix by configuring with the --prefix option to configure.

To run OpenOCD:

  $ curl http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/people/chrisj/beagle/bbxm.cfg > bbxm.cfg
  $ ~/development/openocd/git/bin/openocd -f bbxm.cfg -c "reset"
  Open On-Chip Debugger 0.8.0-dev-00014-gd3d0bf2-dirty (2013-07-21-15:32)
  Licensed under GNU GPL v2
  For bug reports, read
          http://openocd.sourceforge.net/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
  Info : only one transport option; autoselect 'jtag'
  adapter speed: 10 kHz
  Warn : dm37x.dsp: huge IR length 38
  trst_only separate trst_push_pull
  Info : clock speed 10 kHz
  Info : TAP dm37x.jrc does not have IDCODE
  Warn : JTAG tap: dm37x.jrc       UNEXPECTED: 0x00000000 (mfg: 0x000, part: 0x0000, ver: 0x0)
  Error: JTAG tap: dm37x.jrc  expected 1 of 3: 0x2b89102f (mfg: 0x017, part: 0xb891, ver: 0x2)
  Error: JTAG tap: dm37x.jrc  expected 2 of 3: 0x1b89102f (mfg: 0x017, part: 0xb891, ver: 0x1)
  Error: JTAG tap: dm37x.jrc  expected 3 of 3: 0x0b89102f (mfg: 0x017, part: 0xb891, ver: 0x0)
  Error: Trying to use configured scan chain anyway...
  Warn : Bypassing JTAG setup events due to errors
  adapter speed: 1000 kHz
  Warn : dm37x.cpu: ran after reset and before halt ...
  dm37x.cpu: target state: halted
  dm37x.cpu: target halted in Thumb state due to debug-request, current mode: Supervisor
  dm37x.cpu: cpsr: 0x000001f3 pc: 0x00015dec
  dm37x.cpu: MMU: disabled, D-Cache: disabled, I-Cache: enabled

The file http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/people/chrisj/beagle/bbxm.cfg contains initialization sequence needed to get the board set up so code can be downloaded into RAM. The sequence is from the cunnig capture Ben did with qemu.

Building U-Boot

To build U-Boot:

 $ git clone git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git
 $ cd u-boot
 $ git checkout --track -b omap3 origin/master
 $ export PATH=$HOME/development/rtems/4.11/bin:$PATH
 $ gmake CROSS_COMPILE=arm-rtems4.11- mrproper
 $ gmake CROSS_COMPILE=arm-rtems4.11- omap3_beagle_config
 $ gmake CROSS_COMPILE=arm-rtems4.11-

Note: I use FreeBSD so gmake is required.

U-Boot can be run via JTAG. Start OpenOCD and then run:

 $ arm-rtems4.11-gdb u-boot
 GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.2
 Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> 
 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
 and "show warranty" for details.
 This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-freebsd10.0 --target=arm-rtems4.11".
 For bug reporting instructions, please see:
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
 Reading symbols from /usr/home/chris/development/rtems/bb/uboot/u-boot/u-boot...done.
 (gdb) target remote :3333
 Remote debugging using :3333
 0x00018354 in ?? ()
 (gdb) mon reset halt
 adapter speed: 10 kHz
 JTAG tap: dm37x.jrc tap/device found: 0x2b89102f (mfg: 0x017, part: 0xb891, ver: 0x2)
 JTAG tap: dm37x.dap enabled
 adapter speed: 1000 kHz
 dm37x.cpu: ran after reset and before halt ...
 dm37x.cpu: target state: halted
 dm37x.cpu: target halted in Thumb state due to debug-request, current mode: Supervisor
 dm37x.cpu: cpsr: 0x000001f3 pc: 0x00015dec
 dm37x.cpu: MMU: disabled, D-Cache: disabled, I-Cache: enabled
 (gdb) mon beagleboard_xm_init
 (gdb) load
 Loading section .text, size 0x3af04 lma 0x80100000
 Loading section .rodata, size 0xd534 lma 0x8013af08
 Loading section .hash, size 0x2c lma 0x8014843c
 Loading section .data, size 0x5462 lma 0x80148468
 Loading section .got.plt, size 0xc lma 0x8014d8cc
 Loading section .u_boot_list, size 0x840 lma 0x8014d8d8
 Loading section .rel.dyn, size 0x7cf8 lma 0x8014e118
 Loading section .dynsym, size 0x60 lma 0x80155e10
 Loading section .dynstr, size 0x2a lma 0x80155e70
 Loading section .dynamic, size 0x80 lma 0x80155e9c
 Loading section .interp, size 0x11 lma 0x80155f1c
 Start address 0x80100000, load size 352037
 Transfer rate: 16 KB/sec, 11734 bytes/write.
 (gdb) display /i $pc
 1: x/i $pc
 => 0x80100000 <_start>: b       0x80100044 <reset>
 (gdb) si
 stepi ignored. GDB will now fetch the register state from the target.
 
 Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.
 _start () at arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S:23
 23      _start: b       reset
 1: x/i $pc
 => 0x80100000 <_start>: b       0x80100044 <reset>
 (gdb)
 reset () at arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S:95
 95              bl      save_boot_params
 1: x/i $pc
 => 0x80100044 <reset>:  bl      0x8010009c <save_boot_params>
 (gdb) c

On the console serial port with a baudrate of 115200 I see:

 U-Boot 2014.04 (Apr 16 2014 - 13:16:21)
 
 OMAP36XX/37XX-GP ES1.2, CPU-OPP2, L3-200MHz, Max CPU Clock 1 Ghz
 OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
 I2C:   ready
 DRAM:  512 MiB
 NAND:  0 MiB
 MMC:   OMAP SD/MMC: 0
 *** Warning - readenv() failed, using default environment
 
 In:    serial
 Out:   serial
 Err:   serial
 Beagle xM Rev C
 No EEPROM on expansion board
 Die ID #402c00029ff8000001683b050a01c00e
 Net:   usb_ether
 Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
 OMAP3 beagleboard.org #

Initializing the SOC without bootcode

Booting is quite touchy, as there are quite some dependencies on even just getting the RAM and UART to work. In other words everything has to line up right before *anything* happens (easily) so it'll be tricky to bootstrap. The on-SOC ROM code does basic initialization, and searches for MLO code to get this initialization done. It can come from an SD card if it has an MBR and has a fat-formatted first partition (or other sources like UART). It is loaded into 128k of on-SOC RAM that is usable to do further initialization. One possible source of such MLO code is the so-called SPL build of U-Boot. It is just meant to be a small U-Boot that does initialization of the hardware, limited to 128kb, and then load the bigger U-Boot from MMC.

The question is how to load RTEMS binaries without the help of an SD card. A very convenient and powerful setup is jtag, openocd and gdb, as Chris mentions above. However we want the target to be in a completely 'neutral' state, i.e. not be dependent on a particular loaded SD card with MLO on it. To accomplish this, one way is to initialize the SOC from JTAG (using openocd or gdb) so that after that the RAM is available, the uart clock is on, etc., and we can load and run RTEMS binaries. A clean solution would be, as happens for some other targets in openocd, to have an initialization sequence in the target config.

I thought an 'easy' way to get started on finding a nice clean list of a minimal initialization sequence would be to record what U-Boot MLO does. Then perhaps decode all the addresses and find which ones are and aren't important to minimize the list. This is quite hard to do from within U-Boot itself because it takes quite along time, in short, before data works as you'd expect in a C program.

However booting an SD-card with MLO and U-Boot on it from a qemu does let me record the i/o operations it does. I added this code to qemu:

   index aab4a31..2c357d1 100644
   --- a/memory.c
   +++ b/memory.c
   @@ -900,6 +900,18 @@ static uint64_t memory_region_dispatch_read(MemoryRegion *mr,
                                                unsigned size)
    {
        uint64_t ret;
   +    uint32_t addroffset = addr, addrbase = mr->addr;
   +
   +    if(size == 4) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mdw 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, mr->name);
   +    } else if(size == 2) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mdh 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, mr->name);
   +    } else if(size == 1) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mdb 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, mr->name);
   +    } else fprintf(stderr, "size %d??\n", size);
 
        ret = memory_region_dispatch_read1(mr, addr, size);
        adjust_endianness(mr, &ret, size);
   @@ -911,10 +923,23 @@ static void memory_region_dispatch_write(MemoryRegion *mr,
                                             uint64_t data,
                                             unsigned size)
    {
   +    uint32_t addroffset = addr, addrbase = mr->addr;
   +
        if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, true)) {
            return; /* FIXME: better signalling */
        }
 
   +    if(size == 4) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mww 0x%08lx 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, (uint32_t) data, mr->name);
   +    } else if(size == 2) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mwh 0x%08lx 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, (uint32_t) data, mr->name);
   +    } else if(size == 1) {
   +        fprintf(stderr, "mwb 0x%08lx 0x%08lx ;# %s\n",
   +          addroffset + addrbase, (uint32_t) data, mr->name);
   +    } else fprintf(stderr, "size %d??\n", size);
   +
        adjust_endianness(mr, &data, size);
 
        if (!mr->ops->write) {

and put the resulting commands in the reset-init hook of the openocd target config. I included the reads just in case the HW behaviour is affected by it. The list is unnecessarily long but I haven't bothered trimming it yet before I see it actually working. This gets very far in initializing the device. I can load an .exe now from gdb and the disassembly looks okay so I assume the RAM writing is working. But it has an exception on the first instruction. I haven't figured out why. I have seen hello.exe execute properly once so I'm sure it's close.

Don't be confused by the u-boot banner being printed! This is a result of the u-boot spl (mlo) trace being executed very faithfully. After minimizing it should be a very small list if the other openocd configs are any indication.

RTEMS Tester

I've added a config file for the bbxm to the RTEMS Tester that interfaces with gdb and openocd to load and run test executables. The repo is here:

https://github.com/bengras/rtems-tools/tree/bbxm-wip

Currently the tests work 'most of the time' but not most of the time enough, see test reports.

Test Reports

These are done with the RTEMS tester, with the bbxm.cfg from the RTEMS tree (commit indicated) and the gdbinit file from the RTEMS tester tree (commit indicated).

{{Test Report |Version = RTEMS 3057e8b, Tester 19b8d4cd |Date = 23 apr 2014 |User = User:Beng? |Report = Passed: 422 Failed: 20 Timeouts: 36 Invalid: 14; 1 spurious interrupt; the Timeouts are due to the JTAG load & run failing; no noise on reset, no nothing. }}

{{Test Report |Version = RTEMS 3057e8b but with original bbxm.cfg, Tester 19b8d4cd |Date = 23 apr 2014 |User = User:Beng? |Report = Passed: 390 Failed: 20 Timeouts: 68 Invalid: 14; more spurious interrupts }}

{{Test Report |Version = RTEMS f7b72ac, Tester 19b8d4cd |Date = 24 apr 2014 |User = User:Beng? |Report = Passed: 447 Failed: 23 Timeouts: 8 Invalid: 14 Total: 492; code always runs! }}

(rebase)

{{Test Report |Version = RTEMS b74176050, Tester e48631889 |Date = 26 apr 2014 |User = User:Beng? |Report = Passed: 475 Failed: 7 Timeouts: 10 Invalid: 0 }}

{{Navbox_BSPs}}

Last modified on 02/09/21 at 07:10:53 Last modified on 02/09/21 07:10:53