= QEMU = You can run RTEMS in the open source processor emulator [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/ QEMU]. The QEMU emulator runs on a number of hosts including Linux and Windows. It also supports a number of [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/status.html processors]. = QEMU On Windows = Install the RTEMS [wiki:TBR/UserManual/MinGW_Tools_for_Windows MinGW Tools for Windows]. Download the processor emulator you wish to use and install. For example we will install the i368 emulator to '''c:\rtems\i386\qemu-0.8.2-windows'''. Download the boot floppy image http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/qemu/i386-pc/rtems-boot.img to '''c:\rtems\i386'''. To run QEMU create the batch file '''c:\rtems\i386\qemu.bat''' with: rem @echo off set QEMU=C:\rtems\i386\qemu-0.8.2-windows %QEMU%\qemu -L %QEMU% -m 128 -boot a -fda c:\rtems\i386\rtems-boot.img -hda fat:%1 You can download this batch file from http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/qemu/i386-pc/qemu.bat. The boot floppy will look in the root directory the QEMU C: drive for a file called '''rtems-grub.cfg'''. The QEMU C: is a directory on your hard disk passed to QEMU on its command line and can be seen in the '''qemu.bat''' file we created as the '''-hda fat:%1''' option. The command line option we pass to '''qemu.bat''' is a directory that is the root directory the QEMU C: drive. For example download and build RTEMS for the i386 target as described on the [wiki:TBR/UserManual/MinGW_Tools_for_Windows MinGW Tools for Windows] page. Then install http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/qemu/i386-pc/rtems-grub.cfg into the '''c:\rtems\src\i386\i386-rtems4.7\c\pc586\testsuites\samples''' directory. Open the '''RTEMS (i386)''' command window by running '''c:\rtems\i386\rtems-cmd.bat''' then enter: RTEMS(i386) C:\rtems\i386>qemu c:\rtems\src\i386\i386-rtems4.7\c\pc586\testsuites\samples The QEMU windows will open and GRUB will provide you with a menu of the RTEMS sample applications. Select an application and watch it run. = QEMU PC (i386) Emulator = The RTEMS PC BSP runs in the QEMU emulator. The QEMU emulator needs a boot image that will load RTEMS and we use GRUB for this. The simplest may to do this is to create a floppy disk image and tell QEMU to boot from a floppy disk. = Making a Boot Floppy Disk = We run RTEMS in QEMU by first booting from a floppy disk image containing the GRUB boot loader. You can use the image we have made by downloading it from the RTEMS ftp server. The following instructions built the image and were run on a Fedora Core 5 Linux host. Download the latest release of version 2 the [http://grub.enbug.org/FrontPage Grub boot loader] from ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/. Build the package with the following configure command: $ ../grub-1.94/configure --prefix=/tmp/g2/build $ make all install where the prefix can be anything suitable for your machine. If configure fails with a missing LZO library check you have the lzo-devel package installed. To make the floppy image follow the instructions in the Grub Wiki at http://grub.enbug.org/TestingOnX86. This script is adapted from the instructions: #! /bin/sh -x grub=/tmp/g2/build workspace=/tmp/g2 mnt=$workspace/mnt/loop file=$workspace/rtems-boot.img export PATH=$grub/bin:$grub/sbin:$PATH mkdir -p $workspace cd $workspace grub-mkimage -o core.img _chain ls pc multiboot gpt fat boot reboot configfile cat help dd if=/dev/zero of=$file bs=512 count=2880 /sbin/mkdosfs $file mkdir -p $mnt mount -o loop -t vfat $file $mnt mkdir -p $mnt/boot/grub cp $grub/lib/grub/i386-pc/boot.img core.img $grub/lib/grub/i386-pc/*.mod $mnt/boot/grub echo "configfile (hd0,0)/rtems-grub.cfg" > $mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg echo '(fd0)' $file > tmp_device.map grub-setup -d $mnt/boot/grub -r '(fd0)' -m tmp_device.map '(fd0)' rm -f tmp_device.map umount $mnt The default '''grub.cfg''' file will attempt to read a GRUB configuration file called '''[http://www.rtems.org/ftp/pub/rtems/qemu/i386-pc/rtems-grub.cfg rtems-grub.cfg]''' from the root directory of the harddisk. This lets you create a specific GRUB configuration for you testing without needing to rebuild the floppy image. An example configuration that lets you run the RTEMS Samples is: # RTEMS Grub configuration for the Samples set default=0 menuentry "RTEMS - Hello" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/hello/hello.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Ticker" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/ticker/ticker.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Minimum" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/minimum/minimum.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Paranoia" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/paranoia/paranoia.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - File IO" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/fileio/fileio.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Unlimited" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/unlimited/unlimited.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Loopback" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/loopback/loopback.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - PPPD" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/pppd/pppd.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Base Mulitprocessor" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/base_mp/base_mp.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - Base Single Processor" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/base_sp/base_sp.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - C++ Static Constructors" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/cdtest/cdtest.exe } menuentry "RTEMS - C++ IO Streams" { set root=(hd0,0) multiboot (hd0,0)/iostream/iostream.exe } (Note: I ''think'' that all references to (hd0,0) in the script and configuration file above should be changed to (hd0,1). The GRUB partition numbering scheme used in the latest versions of GRUB now start partition numbering at 1 instead of 0.) = Running Other Images = Instead of adding menu entries to the rtems-grub.cfg file, you can instead boot an RTEMS image directly from the GRUB command prompt. Run the qemu.bat batch file as mentioned above. At the GRUB menu screen, press 'c' on the keyboard to switch from the menu to the GRUB command prompt. At the prompt type: grub> set root=(hd0,1) grub> multiboot (hd0,1)/myimage.exe where myimage.exe should be replaced with the name of the RTEMS image that you want to run. GRUB supports filename completion via the TAB key, so you can just type "kernel (hd0,1)/" and then press the TAB key to see a list of all files and directories. Then just type grub> boot to load and run your image. = Running RTEMS TCP/IP Applications = TBD = Debugging with QEMU = You can connect a debugger to QEMU and debug your application. If you start QEMU and load your application then switch consoles by pressing Ctl-Alt-2 to the QEMU command console then enter the command ''gdbserver''. After this start '''gdb''' for your target with the ELF image for the execute. Once gdb has started enter the remote target command for ''localhost:1234''. On Windows with and the i386 target the commands are: RTEMS(i386) C:\rtems\src\i386\i386-rtems4.7\c\pc586\testsuites\samples\capture>i386-rtems4.7-gdb capture.elf GNU gdb 6.5 Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "--host=i686-pc-mingw32 --target=i386-rtems4.7"... (gdb) target remote localhost:1234 Remote debugging using localhost:1234 0x00115c11 in _CPU_Thread_Idle_body () at c:/rtems/src/rtems-4.6.99.3/cpukit/score/cpu/i386/cpu.c:92 92 asm volatile ("hlt"); (gdb) l _Exception_Handler 108 frstor (eax) /* restore FP context */ 109 ret 110 111 PUBLIC (_Exception_Handler) 112 SYM (_Exception_Handler): 113 pusha /* Push general purpose registers */ 114 pushl esp /* Push exception frame address */ 115 movl _currentExcHandler, eax /* Call function storead in _currentExcHandler */ 116 call * eax 117 addl $4, esp (gdb) Do not forget to build RTEMS with the ''--enable-rtems-debug'' configure option to get debug information built into RTEMS. = QEMU and USB = As of 10 March 2007, RTEMS does not support USB. One of the issues in RTEMS supporting USB is finding a target BSP where it is easy to debug the USB stack initially. QEMU appears to be a viable candidate for this task. QEMU is supposed to support USB emulation and there are reports on the Internet that it does work. My experimentation was not so lucky. Since my effort was all about making sure I knew how to setup and use QEMU's emulated USB, I used a Knoppix LiveCD image. I thought that if I could get Knoppix to access a USB mouse and a USB flash drive, I would be happy in the capabilities in QEMU. The USB mouse emulation worked well enough that Knoppix recognized it automatically and it worked. I could never figure out a way to get the USB flash drive recognized. There are comments that there might be a patch needed but I wasn't very confident. I saw a report that someone got a USB GPS working with Windows XP running under QEMU (http://jw.n--tree.net/blog/dev/qemu-usb-garmin) so there must be a magic combination of things that actually make this work So that's my report. Maybe someone can follow up and make more work. --[[User:JoelSherrill|Dr. Joel]] 13:25, 10 March 2007 (CST)