Changes between Version 21 and Version 22 of Developer/Coverage/Theory
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- 11/22/14 05:04:27 (9 years ago)
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Developer/Coverage/Theory
v21 v22 6 6 7 7 8 The subject of Code Coverage Analysis is broad and has been written about many times over. This background material is not inten ted to summerize or rehash what can be read elsewhere. Instead, the focus here will be on the aspects of Code Coverage Analysis as they pertain to the [wiki:TBR/UserManual/RTEMS_Coverage_Analysis RTEMS Coverage Analysis] effort.8 The subject of Code Coverage Analysis is broad and has been written about many times over. This background material is not intended to summarise or rehash what can be read elsewhere. Instead, the focus here will be on the aspects of Code Coverage Analysis as they pertain to the [wiki:TBR/UserManual/RTEMS_Coverage_Analysis RTEMS Coverage Analysis] effort. 9 9 10 10 The ultimate goal of Code Coverage Analysis is to ensure that a test suite adequately tests a particular body of code. In order to achieve this goal, several different coverage criteria may have to be examined. Let's consider the following criteria: … … 14 14 * '''Condition Coverage''' - Has each boolean sub-expression evaluated both to true and false (this does not necessarily imply decision coverage)? 15 15 * '''Object Coverage''' - Has each line of generated assembly been executed? 16 16 17 = Statement Coverage = 17 18 18 19 19 Statement Coverage requires that each line of source code must be executed. This is often considered the simpliest criteria. The problem is that it only identifies the lines that were executed, and does not consider the logic flow of the code. It can be useful for indentifying "chunks" of code (i.e. new functionality) that are not covered by the test suite, but not much else. 20 Statement Coverage requires that each line of source code must be executed. This is often considered the simplest criteria. The problem is that it only identifies the lines that were executed, and does not consider the logic flow of the code. It can be useful for identifying "chunks" of code (i.e. new functionality) that are not covered by the test suite, but not much else. 21 20 22 = Decision Coverage = 21 23 … … 25 27 26 28 29 27 30 Condition Coverage requires that each boolean sub-expression evaluate to both TRUE and FALSE. This criteria goes a little further than Decision Coverage by ensuring that the component parts of a compound expression each evaluate to TRUE and FALSE. But it should be noted that Condition Coverage by itself does not necessarily imply decision coverage. Because of this fact, it is best to apply Decision Coverage and Condition Coverage together. 31 28 32 = Object Coverage = 29 33 30 34 31 35 Object Coverage requires that each line of generated assembly be executed. This can be a very good general criteria because it ensures most of the test cases that the other criteria ensure. 36 32 37 = Criteria Relationships = 33 38 34 39 35 [[Image(CoverageCategories.png)]] ]]40 [[Image(CoverageCategories.png)]] 36 41 37 Each of these criteria can be used independently to analy ze the code in question. Application of any one criteria will likely improve the test suite to some degree albeit at the cost of increasing the complexity of the test suite. Examination of the criteria collectively, shows that there are clear relationships between the different criteria as shown in the picture. The completness and complexity of the test suite increases as it satifies first Statement Coverage and then Decision Coverage and finally Condition/Decision Coverage. If the test suite satisfies Statement Coverage, it will partially satisfy Decision Coverage and Condition/Decision Coverage. If the test suite satisfies Decision Coverage, it will completely satisfy Statement Coverage and partially satisfy Condition/Decision Coverage. Note the fact that Object Coverage satisfies part of all of the other criteria. There is also a complexity relationship where Statement Coverage is the least complex to satisfy and Condition/Decision Coverage is the most complex to satisfy.42 Each of these criteria can be used independently to analyse the code in question. Application of any one criteria will likely improve the test suite to some degree albeit at the cost of increasing the complexity of the test suite. Examination of the criteria collectively, shows that there are clear relationships between the different criteria as shown in the picture. The completeness and complexity of the test suite increases as it satisfies first Statement Coverage and then Decision Coverage and finally Condition/Decision Coverage. If the test suite satisfies Statement Coverage, it will partially satisfy Decision Coverage and Condition/Decision Coverage. If the test suite satisfies Decision Coverage, it will completely satisfy Statement Coverage and partially satisfy Condition/Decision Coverage. Note the fact that Object Coverage satisfies part of all of the other criteria. There is also a complexity relationship where Statement Coverage is the least complex to satisfy and Condition/Decision Coverage is the most complex to satisfy. 38 43 39 <br style="clear: both" />40 44 = An Example = 41 45 … … 43 47 In order to illustrate what is covered by each of the different criteria, consider the following example showing the source code for a simple if statement along with its generated pseudo-code instructions. 44 48 45 {| border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;text-align: left;" 46 |+ 47 |- 48 |'''Block''' || '''Source Code''' || '''Block''' || '''Object Pseudo-code''' 49 |- 50 | A || if (x OR y) || A1 || cmp x, 0 51 branch if FALSE to do something 52 |- 53 | || || A2 || cmp y, 0 54 branch if TRUE around do something 55 |- 56 | B || do something || B|| do something instructions 57 |- 58 |} 49 || '''Block''' || '''Source Code''' || '''Block''' || '''Object Pseudo-code''' || 50 || A || if (x OR y) || A1 || cmp x, 0 branch if FALSE to do something || 51 || || || A2 || cmp y, 0 branch if TRUE around do something || 52 || B || do something || B || do something instructions || 53 59 54 = Statement Coverage = 60 55 61 56 62 57 A single test case that allows the if statement to evaluate to TRUE will execute blocks A and B. This will achieve 100% Statement Coverage. 58 63 59 = Decision Coverage = 64 60 65 61 66 62 A minimum of two test cases are required to achieve 100% Decision Coverage. One case must force the if statement to evaluate to TRUE and the other case must force the if statement to evaluate to FALSE. A test case that forces a TRUE outcome will either execute blocks A1 and B or A1, A2 and B. A test case that forces a FALSE outcome will execute blocks A1 and A2. 67 = Condition/Decision Coverage = 63 64 = !Condition/Decision Coverage = 68 65 69 66 70 A minimum of two test cases are required to achieve 100% Condition/Decision Coverage. In the first case, x and y must be TRUE. In the second case, x and y must be FALSE. The test case that forces a TRUE outcome will execute blocks A1 and B. The test case that forces a FALSE outcome will execute blocks A1 and A2. 67 A minimum of two test cases are required to achieve 100% !Condition/Decision Coverage. In the first case, x and y must be TRUE. In the second case, x and y must be FALSE. The test case that forces a TRUE outcome will execute blocks A1 and B. The test case that forces a FALSE outcome will execute blocks A1 and A2. 68 71 69 = Object Coverage = 72 70