1 | @c |
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2 | @c COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002. |
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3 | @c On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR). |
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4 | @c All rights reserved. |
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5 | @c |
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6 | @c $Id$ |
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7 | @c |
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8 | |
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9 | @chapter I/O Manager |
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10 | |
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11 | @cindex device drivers |
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12 | @cindex IO Manager |
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13 | |
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14 | @section Introduction |
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15 | |
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16 | The input/output interface manager provides a |
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17 | well-defined mechanism for accessing device drivers and a |
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18 | structured methodology for organizing device drivers. The |
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19 | directives provided by the I/O manager are: |
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20 | |
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21 | @itemize @bullet |
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22 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_initialize} - Initialize a device driver |
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23 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_register_name} - Register a device name |
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24 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_lookup_name} - Look up a device name |
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25 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_open} - Open a device |
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26 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_close} - Close a device |
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27 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_read} - Read from a device |
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28 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_write} - Write to a device |
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29 | @item @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_control} - Special device services |
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30 | @end itemize |
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31 | |
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32 | @section Background |
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33 | |
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34 | @subsection Device Driver Table |
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35 | |
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36 | @cindex Device Driver Table |
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37 | |
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38 | Each application utilizing the RTEMS I/O manager must |
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39 | specify the address of a Device Driver Table in its |
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40 | Configuration Table. This table contains each device driver's |
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41 | entry points. Each device driver may contain the following |
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42 | entry points: |
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43 | |
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44 | @itemize @bullet |
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45 | @item Initialization |
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46 | @item Open |
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47 | @item Close |
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48 | @item Read |
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49 | @item Write |
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50 | @item Control |
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51 | @end itemize |
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52 | |
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53 | If the device driver does not support a particular |
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54 | entry point, then that entry in the Configuration Table should |
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55 | be NULL. RTEMS will return |
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56 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} as the executive's and |
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57 | zero (0) as the device driver's return code for these device |
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58 | driver entry points. |
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59 | |
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60 | @subsection Major and Minor Device Numbers |
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61 | |
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62 | @cindex major device number |
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63 | @cindex minor device number |
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64 | |
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65 | Each call to the I/O manager must provide a device's |
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66 | major and minor numbers as arguments. The major number is the |
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67 | index of the requested driver's entry points in the Device |
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68 | Driver Table, and is used to select a specific device driver. |
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69 | The exact usage of the minor number is driver specific, but is |
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70 | commonly used to distinguish between a number of devices |
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71 | controlled by the same driver. |
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72 | |
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73 | @findex rtems_device_major_number |
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74 | @findex rtems_device_minor_number |
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75 | |
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76 | The data types @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}device_major_number} and |
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77 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}device_minor_number} are used to |
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78 | manipulate device major and minor numbers, respectively. |
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79 | |
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80 | @subsection Device Names |
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81 | |
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82 | @cindex device names |
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83 | |
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84 | The I/O Manager provides facilities to associate a |
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85 | name with a particular device. Directives are provided to |
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86 | register the name of a device and to look up the major/minor |
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87 | number pair associated with a device name. |
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88 | |
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89 | @subsection Device Driver Environment |
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90 | |
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91 | Application developers, as well as device driver |
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92 | developers, must be aware of the following regarding the RTEMS |
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93 | I/O Manager: |
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94 | |
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95 | @itemize @bullet |
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96 | @item A device driver routine executes in the context of the |
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97 | invoking task. Thus if the driver blocks, the invoking task |
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98 | blocks. |
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99 | |
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100 | @item The device driver is free to change the modes of the |
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101 | invoking task, although the driver should restore them to their |
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102 | original values. |
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103 | |
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104 | @item Device drivers may be invoked from ISRs. |
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105 | |
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106 | @item Only local device drivers are accessible through the I/O |
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107 | manager. |
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108 | |
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109 | @item A device driver routine may invoke all other RTEMS |
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110 | directives, including I/O directives, on both local and global |
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111 | objects. |
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112 | |
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113 | @end itemize |
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114 | |
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115 | Although the RTEMS I/O manager provides a framework |
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116 | for device drivers, it makes no assumptions regarding the |
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117 | construction or operation of a device driver. |
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118 | |
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119 | @subsection Device Driver Interface |
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120 | |
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121 | @cindex device driver interface |
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122 | |
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123 | When an application invokes an I/O manager directive, |
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124 | RTEMS determines which device driver entry point must be |
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125 | invoked. The information passed by the application to RTEMS is |
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126 | then passed to the correct device driver entry point. RTEMS |
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127 | will invoke each device driver entry point assuming it is |
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128 | compatible with the following prototype: |
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129 | |
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130 | @ifset is-C |
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131 | @example |
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132 | rtems_device_driver io_entry( |
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133 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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134 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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135 | void *argument_block |
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136 | ); |
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137 | @end example |
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138 | @end ifset |
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139 | |
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140 | @ifset is-Ada |
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141 | @example |
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142 | function IO_Entry ( |
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143 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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144 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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145 | Argument_Block : in RTEMS.Address |
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146 | ) return RTEMS.Status_Code; |
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147 | @end example |
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148 | @end ifset |
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149 | |
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150 | The format and contents of the parameter block are |
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151 | device driver and entry point dependent. |
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152 | |
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153 | It is recommended that a device driver avoid |
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154 | generating error codes which conflict with those used by |
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155 | application components. A common technique used to generate |
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156 | driver specific error codes is to make the most significant part |
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157 | of the status indicate a driver specific code. |
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158 | |
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159 | @subsection Device Driver Initialization |
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160 | |
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161 | RTEMS automatically initializes all device drivers |
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162 | when multitasking is initiated via the |
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163 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}initialize_executive} |
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164 | directive. RTEMS initializes the device drivers by invoking |
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165 | each device driver initialization entry point with the following |
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166 | parameters: |
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167 | |
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168 | @table @asis |
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169 | @item major |
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170 | the major device number for this device driver. |
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171 | |
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172 | @item minor |
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173 | zero. |
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174 | |
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175 | @item argument_block |
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176 | will point to the Configuration Table. |
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177 | |
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178 | @end table |
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179 | |
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180 | The returned status will be ignored by RTEMS. If the driver |
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181 | cannot successfully initialize the device, then it should invoke |
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182 | the fatal_error_occurred directive. |
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183 | |
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184 | @section Operations |
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185 | |
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186 | @subsection Register and Lookup Name |
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187 | |
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188 | The @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_register} directive associates a name with the |
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189 | specified device (i.e. major/minor number pair). Device names |
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190 | are typically registered as part of the device driver |
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191 | initialization sequence. The @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_lookup} |
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192 | directive is used to |
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193 | determine the major/minor number pair associated with the |
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194 | specified device name. The use of these directives frees the |
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195 | application from being dependent on the arbitrary assignment of |
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196 | major numbers in a particular application. No device naming |
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197 | conventions are dictated by RTEMS. |
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198 | |
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199 | @subsection Accessing an Device Driver |
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200 | |
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201 | The I/O manager provides directives which enable the |
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202 | application program to utilize device drivers in a standard |
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203 | manner. There is a direct correlation between the RTEMS I/O |
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204 | manager directives |
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205 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_initialize}, |
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206 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_open}, |
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207 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_close}, |
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208 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_read}, |
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209 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_write}, and |
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210 | @code{@value{DIRPREFIX}io_control} |
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211 | and the underlying device driver entry points. |
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212 | |
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213 | @section Directives |
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214 | |
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215 | This section details the I/O manager's directives. A |
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216 | subsection is dedicated to each of this manager's directives and |
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217 | describes the calling sequence, related constants, usage, and |
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218 | status codes. |
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219 | |
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220 | @c |
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221 | @c |
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222 | @c |
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223 | @page |
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224 | @subsection IO_INITIALIZE - Initialize a device driver |
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225 | |
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226 | @cindex initialize a device driver |
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227 | |
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228 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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229 | |
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230 | @ifset is-C |
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231 | @findex rtems_io_initialize |
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232 | @example |
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233 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_initialize( |
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234 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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235 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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236 | void *argument |
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237 | ); |
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238 | @end example |
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239 | @end ifset |
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240 | |
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241 | @ifset is-Ada |
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242 | @example |
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243 | procedure IO_Initialize ( |
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244 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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245 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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246 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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247 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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248 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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249 | ); |
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250 | @end example |
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251 | @end ifset |
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252 | |
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253 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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254 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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255 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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256 | |
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257 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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258 | |
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259 | This directive calls the device driver initialization |
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260 | routine specified in the Device Driver Table for this major |
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261 | number. This directive is automatically invoked for each device |
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262 | driver when multitasking is initiated via the |
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263 | initialize_executive directive. |
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264 | |
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265 | A device driver initialization module is responsible |
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266 | for initializing all hardware and data structures associated |
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267 | with a device. If necessary, it can allocate memory to be used |
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268 | during other operations. |
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269 | |
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270 | @subheading NOTES: |
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271 | |
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272 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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273 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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274 | initialized. |
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275 | |
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276 | @c |
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277 | @c |
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278 | @c |
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279 | @page |
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280 | @subsection IO_REGISTER_NAME - Register a device |
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281 | |
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282 | @cindex register device |
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283 | |
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284 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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285 | |
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286 | @ifset is-C |
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287 | @findex rtems_io_register_name |
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288 | @example |
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289 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_register_name( |
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290 | char *name, |
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291 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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292 | rtems_device_minor_number minor |
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293 | ); |
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294 | @end example |
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295 | @end ifset |
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296 | |
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297 | @ifset is-Ada |
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298 | @example |
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299 | procedure IO_Register_Name ( |
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300 | Name : in String; |
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301 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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302 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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303 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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304 | ); |
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305 | @end example |
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306 | @end ifset |
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307 | |
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308 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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309 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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310 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}TOO_MANY} - too many devices registered |
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311 | |
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312 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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313 | |
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314 | This directive associates name with the specified |
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315 | major/minor number pair. |
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316 | |
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317 | @subheading NOTES: |
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318 | |
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319 | This directive will not cause the calling task to be |
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320 | preempted. |
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321 | |
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322 | @c |
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323 | @c |
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324 | @c |
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325 | @page |
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326 | @subsection IO_LOOKUP_NAME - Lookup a device |
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327 | |
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328 | @cindex lookup device major and minor number |
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329 | |
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330 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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331 | |
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332 | @ifset is-C |
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333 | @findex rtems_io_lookup_name |
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334 | @example |
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335 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_lookup_name( |
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336 | const char *name, |
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337 | rtems_driver_name_t **device_info |
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338 | ); |
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339 | @end example |
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340 | @end ifset |
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341 | |
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342 | @ifset is-Ada |
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343 | @example |
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344 | procedure IO_Lookup_Name ( |
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345 | Name : in String; |
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346 | Device_Info : out RTEMS.Driver_Name_t; |
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347 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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348 | ); |
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349 | @end example |
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350 | @end ifset |
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351 | |
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352 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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353 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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354 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}UNSATISFIED} - name not registered |
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355 | |
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356 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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357 | |
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358 | This directive returns the major/minor number pair |
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359 | associated with the given device name in device_info. |
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360 | |
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361 | @subheading NOTES: |
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362 | |
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363 | This directive will not cause the calling task to be |
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364 | preempted. |
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365 | |
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366 | @c |
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367 | @c |
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368 | @c |
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369 | @page |
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370 | @subsection IO_OPEN - Open a device |
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371 | |
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372 | @cindex open a devive |
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373 | |
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374 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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375 | |
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376 | @ifset is-C |
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377 | @findex rtems_io_open |
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378 | @example |
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379 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_open( |
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380 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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381 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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382 | void *argument |
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383 | ); |
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384 | @end example |
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385 | @end ifset |
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386 | |
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387 | @ifset is-Ada |
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388 | @example |
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389 | procedure IO_Open ( |
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390 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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391 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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392 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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393 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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394 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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395 | ); |
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396 | @end example |
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397 | @end ifset |
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398 | |
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399 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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400 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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401 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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402 | |
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403 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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404 | |
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405 | This directive calls the device driver open routine |
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406 | specified in the Device Driver Table for this major number. The |
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407 | open entry point is commonly used by device drivers to provide |
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408 | exclusive access to a device. |
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409 | |
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410 | @subheading NOTES: |
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411 | |
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412 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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413 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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414 | invoked. |
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415 | |
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416 | @c |
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417 | @c |
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418 | @c |
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419 | @page |
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420 | @subsection IO_CLOSE - Close a device |
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421 | |
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422 | @cindex close a device |
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423 | |
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424 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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425 | |
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426 | @ifset is-C |
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427 | @findex rtems_io_close |
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428 | @example |
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429 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_close( |
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430 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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431 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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432 | void *argument |
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433 | ); |
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434 | @end example |
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435 | @end ifset |
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436 | |
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437 | @ifset is-Ada |
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438 | @example |
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439 | procedure IO_Close ( |
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440 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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441 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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442 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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443 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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444 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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445 | ); |
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446 | @end example |
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447 | @end ifset |
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448 | |
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449 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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450 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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451 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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452 | |
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453 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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454 | |
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455 | This directive calls the device driver close routine |
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456 | specified in the Device Driver Table for this major number. The |
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457 | close entry point is commonly used by device drivers to |
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458 | relinquish exclusive access to a device. |
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459 | |
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460 | @subheading NOTES: |
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461 | |
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462 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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463 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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464 | invoked. |
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465 | |
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466 | @c |
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467 | @c |
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468 | @c |
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469 | @page |
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470 | @subsection IO_READ - Read from a device |
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471 | |
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472 | @cindex read from a device |
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473 | |
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474 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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475 | |
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476 | @ifset is-C |
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477 | @findex rtems_io_read |
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478 | @example |
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479 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_read( |
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480 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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481 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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482 | void *argument |
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483 | ); |
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484 | @end example |
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485 | @end ifset |
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486 | |
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487 | @ifset is-Ada |
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488 | @example |
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489 | procedure IO_Read ( |
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490 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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491 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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492 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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493 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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494 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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495 | ); |
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496 | @end example |
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497 | @end ifset |
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498 | |
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499 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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500 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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501 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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502 | |
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503 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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504 | |
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505 | This directive calls the device driver read routine |
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506 | specified in the Device Driver Table for this major number. |
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507 | Read operations typically require a buffer address as part of |
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508 | the argument parameter block. The contents of this buffer will |
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509 | be replaced with data from the device. |
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510 | |
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511 | @subheading NOTES: |
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512 | |
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513 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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514 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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515 | invoked. |
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516 | |
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517 | @c |
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518 | @c |
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519 | @c |
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520 | @page |
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521 | @subsection IO_WRITE - Write to a device |
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522 | |
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523 | @cindex write to a device |
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524 | |
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525 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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526 | |
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527 | @ifset is-C |
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528 | @findex rtems_io_write |
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529 | @example |
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530 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_write( |
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531 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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532 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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533 | void *argument |
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534 | ); |
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535 | @end example |
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536 | @end ifset |
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537 | |
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538 | @ifset is-Ada |
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539 | @example |
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540 | procedure IO_Write ( |
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541 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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542 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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543 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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544 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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545 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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546 | ); |
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547 | @end example |
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548 | @end ifset |
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549 | |
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550 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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551 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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552 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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553 | |
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554 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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555 | |
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556 | This directive calls the device driver write routine |
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557 | specified in the Device Driver Table for this major number. |
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558 | Write operations typically require a buffer address as part of |
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559 | the argument parameter block. The contents of this buffer will |
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560 | be sent to the device. |
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561 | |
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562 | @subheading NOTES: |
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563 | |
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564 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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565 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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566 | invoked. |
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567 | |
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568 | @c |
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569 | @c |
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570 | @c |
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571 | @page |
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572 | @subsection IO_CONTROL - Special device services |
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573 | |
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574 | @cindex special device services |
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575 | @cindex IO Control |
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576 | |
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577 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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578 | |
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579 | @ifset is-C |
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580 | @findex rtems_io_control |
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581 | @example |
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582 | rtems_status_code rtems_io_control( |
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583 | rtems_device_major_number major, |
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584 | rtems_device_minor_number minor, |
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585 | void *argument |
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586 | ); |
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587 | @end example |
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588 | @end ifset |
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589 | |
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590 | @ifset is-Ada |
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591 | @example |
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592 | procedure IO_Control ( |
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593 | Major : in RTEMS.Device_Major_Number; |
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594 | Minor : in RTEMS.Device_Minor_Number; |
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595 | Argument : in RTEMS.Address; |
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596 | Return_Value : out RTEMS.Unsigned32; |
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597 | Result : out RTEMS.Status_Codes |
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598 | ); |
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599 | @end example |
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600 | @end ifset |
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601 | |
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602 | @subheading DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES: |
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603 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}SUCCESSFUL} - successfully initialized@* |
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604 | @code{@value{RPREFIX}INVALID_NUMBER} - invalid major device number |
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605 | |
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606 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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607 | |
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608 | This directive calls the device driver I/O control |
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609 | routine specified in the Device Driver Table for this major |
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610 | number. The exact functionality of the driver entry called by |
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611 | this directive is driver dependent. It should not be assumed |
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612 | that the control entries of two device drivers are compatible. |
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613 | For example, an RS-232 driver I/O control operation may change |
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614 | the baud rate of a serial line, while an I/O control operation |
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615 | for a floppy disk driver may cause a seek operation. |
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616 | |
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617 | @subheading NOTES: |
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618 | |
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619 | This directive may or may not cause the calling task |
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620 | to be preempted. This is dependent on the device driver being |
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621 | invoked. |
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622 | |
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623 | |
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624 | |
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