1 | @c |
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2 | @c COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-1998. |
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3 | @c On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR). |
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4 | @c All rights reserved. |
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5 | @c |
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6 | @c $Id$ |
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7 | @c |
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8 | |
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9 | @chapter Files and Directories Manager |
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10 | |
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11 | @section Introduction |
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12 | |
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13 | The files and directories manager is ... |
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14 | |
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15 | The directives provided by the files and directories manager are: |
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16 | |
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17 | @itemize @bullet |
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18 | @item @code{opendir} - Open a Directory |
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19 | @item @code{readdir} - Reads a directory |
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20 | @item @code{readdir_r} - |
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21 | @item @code{rewinddir} - |
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22 | @item @code{scandir} - Scan a directory for matching entries |
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23 | @item @code{telldir} - |
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24 | @item @code{closedir} - |
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25 | @item @code{getdents} |
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26 | @item @code{chdir} - Changes the current working directory |
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27 | @item @code{getcwd} - Gets current working directory |
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28 | @item @code{open} - Opens a file |
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29 | @item @code{creat} - Create a new file or rewrite an existing one |
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30 | @item @code{umask} - Sets a file creation mask |
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31 | @item @code{link} - Creates a link to a file |
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32 | @item @code{mkdir} - Makes a directory |
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33 | @item @code{mkfifo} - |
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34 | @item @code{unlink} - Removes a directory entry |
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35 | @item @code{rmdir} - Delete a directory |
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36 | @item @code{rename} - Renames a file |
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37 | @item @code{stat} - Gets information about a file. |
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38 | @item @code{fstat} - |
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39 | @item @code{access} - Check user's permissions for a file. |
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40 | @item @code{chmod} - Changes file mode |
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41 | @item @code{fchmod} - |
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42 | @item @code{chown} - Changes the owner and/ or group of a file |
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43 | @item @code{utime} - Change access and/or modification times of an inode |
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44 | @item @code{ftrunctate} - |
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45 | @item @code{pathconf} - |
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46 | @item @code{fpathconf} - |
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47 | @end itemize |
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48 | |
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49 | @section Background |
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50 | |
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51 | @section Operations |
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52 | |
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53 | @section Directives |
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54 | |
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55 | This section details the files and directories manager's directives. |
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56 | A subsection is dedicated to each of this manager's directives |
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57 | and describes the calling sequence, related constants, usage, |
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58 | and status codes. |
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59 | |
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60 | @page |
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61 | @subsection opendir - Open a Directory |
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62 | |
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63 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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64 | |
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65 | @ifset is-C |
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66 | @example |
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67 | #include <sys/types.h> |
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68 | #include <dirent.h> |
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69 | |
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70 | int opendir( |
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71 | const char *dirname |
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72 | ); |
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73 | @end example |
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74 | @end ifset |
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75 | |
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76 | @ifset is-Ada |
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77 | @end ifset |
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78 | |
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79 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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80 | |
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81 | @table @b |
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82 | @item EACCES |
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83 | Search permission was denied on a component of the path |
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84 | prefix of @code{dirname}, or read permission is denied |
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85 | for the directory itself. |
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86 | |
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87 | @item E |
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88 | The |
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89 | |
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90 | @end table |
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91 | |
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92 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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93 | |
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94 | This routine opens a directory stream corresponding to the |
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95 | directory specified by the @code{dirname} argument. The |
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96 | directory stream is positioned at the first entry. |
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97 | |
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98 | @subheading NOTES: |
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99 | |
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100 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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101 | |
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102 | @page |
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103 | @subsection readdir - Reads a directory |
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104 | |
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105 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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106 | |
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107 | @ifset is-C |
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108 | @example |
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109 | #include <sys/types.h> |
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110 | #include <dirent.h> |
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111 | |
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112 | int readdir( |
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113 | DIR *dirp |
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114 | ); |
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115 | @end example |
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116 | @end ifset |
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117 | |
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118 | @ifset is-Ada |
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119 | @end ifset |
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120 | |
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121 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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122 | |
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123 | @table @b |
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124 | @item EBADF |
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125 | Invalid file descriptor |
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126 | |
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127 | @end table |
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128 | |
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129 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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130 | |
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131 | The @code{readdir()} function returns a pointer to a structure @code{dirent} |
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132 | representing the next directory entry from the directory stream pointed to |
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133 | by @code{dirp}. On end-of-file, NULL is returned. |
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134 | |
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135 | The @code{readdir()} function may (or may not) return entries for . or .. Your |
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136 | program should tolerate reading dot and dot-dot but not require them. |
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137 | |
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138 | The data pointed to be @code{readdir()} may be overwritten by another call to |
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139 | @code{readdir()} for the same directory stream. It will not be overwritten by |
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140 | a call for another directory. |
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141 | |
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142 | @subheading NOTES: |
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143 | |
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144 | If @code{ptr} is not a pointer returned by @code{malloc()}, @code{calloc()}, or |
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145 | @code{realloc()} or has been deallocated with @code{free()} or @code{realloc()}, |
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146 | the results are not portable and are probably disastrous. |
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147 | |
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148 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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149 | |
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150 | @page |
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151 | @subsection readdir_r - |
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152 | |
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153 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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154 | |
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155 | @ifset is-C |
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156 | @example |
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157 | int readdir_r( |
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158 | ); |
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159 | @end example |
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160 | @end ifset |
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161 | |
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162 | @ifset is-Ada |
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163 | @end ifset |
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164 | |
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165 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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166 | |
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167 | @table @b |
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168 | @item E |
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169 | The |
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170 | |
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171 | @end table |
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172 | |
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173 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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174 | |
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175 | @subheading NOTES: |
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176 | |
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177 | XXX must be implemented in RTEMS. |
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178 | |
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179 | @page |
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180 | @subsection rewinddir - |
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181 | |
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182 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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183 | |
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184 | @ifset is-C |
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185 | @example |
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186 | int rewinddir( |
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187 | ); |
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188 | @end example |
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189 | @end ifset |
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190 | |
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191 | @ifset is-Ada |
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192 | @end ifset |
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193 | |
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194 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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195 | |
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196 | @table @b |
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197 | @item E |
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198 | The |
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199 | |
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200 | @end table |
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201 | |
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202 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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203 | |
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204 | @subheading NOTES: |
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205 | |
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206 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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207 | |
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208 | @page |
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209 | @subsection scandir - Scan a directory for matching entries |
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210 | |
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211 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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212 | |
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213 | @ifset is-C |
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214 | @example |
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215 | #include <dirent.h> |
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216 | |
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217 | int scandir(const char *dir, |
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218 | struct direct ***namelist, |
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219 | int (*select)(const struct dirent *), |
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220 | int (*compar)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **) |
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221 | ); |
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222 | @end example |
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223 | @end ifset |
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224 | |
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225 | @ifset is-Ada |
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226 | @end ifset |
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227 | |
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228 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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229 | |
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230 | @table @b |
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231 | @item ENOMEM |
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232 | Insufficient memory to complete the operation. |
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233 | |
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234 | @end table |
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235 | |
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236 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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237 | |
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238 | The @code{scandir()} function scans the directory @code{dir}, calling |
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239 | @code{select()} on each directory entry. Entries for which @code{select()} |
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240 | returns non-zero are stored in strings allocated via @code{malloc()}, |
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241 | sorted using @code{qsort()} with the comparison function @code{compar()}, |
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242 | and collected in array @code{namelist} which is allocated via @code{malloc()}. |
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243 | If @code{select} is NULL, all entries are selected. |
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244 | |
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245 | @subheading NOTES: |
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246 | |
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247 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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248 | |
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249 | @page |
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250 | @subsection telldir - |
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251 | |
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252 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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253 | |
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254 | @ifset is-C |
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255 | @example |
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256 | int telldir( |
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257 | ); |
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258 | @end example |
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259 | @end ifset |
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260 | |
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261 | @ifset is-Ada |
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262 | @end ifset |
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263 | |
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264 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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265 | |
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266 | @table @b |
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267 | @item E |
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268 | The |
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269 | |
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270 | @end table |
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271 | |
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272 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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273 | |
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274 | @subheading NOTES: |
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275 | |
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276 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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277 | |
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278 | |
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279 | @page |
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280 | @subsection closedir - |
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281 | |
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282 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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283 | |
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284 | @ifset is-C |
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285 | @example |
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286 | int closedir( |
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287 | ); |
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288 | @end example |
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289 | @end ifset |
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290 | |
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291 | @ifset is-Ada |
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292 | @end ifset |
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293 | |
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294 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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295 | |
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296 | @table @b |
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297 | @item E |
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298 | The |
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299 | |
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300 | @end table |
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301 | |
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302 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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303 | |
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304 | @subheading NOTES: |
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305 | |
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306 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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307 | |
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308 | @page |
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309 | @subsection chdir - Changes the current working directory |
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310 | |
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311 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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312 | |
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313 | @ifset is-C |
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314 | @example |
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315 | #include <unistd.h> |
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316 | |
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317 | int chdir( const char *path |
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318 | ); |
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319 | @end example |
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320 | @end ifset |
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321 | |
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322 | @ifset is-Ada |
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323 | @end ifset |
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324 | |
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325 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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326 | |
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327 | @table @b |
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328 | @item EACCES |
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329 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix. |
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330 | |
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331 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
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332 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is |
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333 | in effect. |
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334 | |
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335 | @item ENOENT |
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336 | A file or directory does not exist. |
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337 | |
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338 | @item ENOTDIR |
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339 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when directory |
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340 | was expected. |
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341 | |
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342 | @end table |
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343 | |
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344 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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345 | |
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346 | The @code{chdir()} function causes the directory named by @code{path} to |
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347 | become the current working directory; that is, the starting point for |
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348 | searches of pathnames not beginning with a slash. |
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349 | |
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350 | If @code{chdir()} detects an error, the current working directory is not |
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351 | changed. |
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352 | |
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353 | @subheading NOTES: None |
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354 | |
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355 | @page |
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356 | @subsection getcwd - Gets current working directory |
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357 | |
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358 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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359 | |
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360 | @ifset is-C |
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361 | @example |
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362 | #include <unistd.h> |
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363 | |
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364 | int getcwd( |
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365 | ); |
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366 | @end example |
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367 | @end ifset |
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368 | |
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369 | @ifset is-Ada |
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370 | @end ifset |
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371 | |
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372 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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373 | |
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374 | @table @b |
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375 | @item EINVAL |
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376 | Invalid argument |
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377 | |
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378 | @item ERANGE |
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379 | Result is too large |
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380 | |
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381 | @item EACCES |
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382 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix. |
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383 | |
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384 | @end table |
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385 | |
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386 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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387 | |
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388 | The @code{getcwd()} function copies the absolute pathname of the current |
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389 | working directory to the character array pointed to by @code{buf}. The |
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390 | @code{size} argument is the number of bytes available in @code{buf} |
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391 | |
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392 | @subheading NOTES: |
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393 | |
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394 | There is no way to determine the maximum string length that @code{fetcwd()} |
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395 | may need to return. Applications should tolerate getting @code{ERANGE} |
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396 | and allocate a larger buffer. |
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397 | |
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398 | It is possible for @code{getcwd()} to return EACCES if, say, @code{login} |
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399 | puts the process into a directory without read access. |
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400 | |
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401 | The 1988 standard uses @code{int} instead of @code{size_t} for the second |
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402 | parameter. |
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403 | |
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404 | @page |
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405 | @subsection open - Opens a file |
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406 | |
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407 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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408 | |
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409 | @ifset is-C |
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410 | @example |
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411 | #include <sys/types.h> |
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412 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
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413 | #include <fcntl.h> |
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414 | |
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415 | int open( |
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416 | const char *path, |
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417 | int oflag, |
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418 | mode_t mode |
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419 | ); |
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420 | @end example |
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421 | @end ifset |
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422 | |
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423 | @ifset is-Ada |
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424 | @end ifset |
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425 | |
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426 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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427 | |
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428 | @table @b |
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429 | @item EACCES |
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430 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix. |
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431 | @item EEXIST |
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432 | The named file already exists. |
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433 | @item EINTR |
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434 | Function was interrupted by a signal. |
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435 | @item EISDIR |
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436 | Attempt to open a directory for writing or to rename a file to be a |
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437 | directory. |
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438 | @item EMFILE |
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439 | Too many file descriptors are in use by this process. |
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440 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
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441 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
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442 | effect. |
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443 | @item ENFILE |
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444 | Too many files are currently open in the system. |
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445 | @item ENOENT |
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446 | A file or directory does not exist. |
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447 | @item ENOSPC |
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448 | No space left on disk. |
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449 | @item ENOTDIR |
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450 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
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451 | was expected. |
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452 | @item ENXIO |
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453 | No such device. This error may also occur when a device is not ready, for |
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454 | example, a tape drive is off-line. |
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455 | @item EROFS |
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456 | Read-only file system. |
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457 | @end table |
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458 | |
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459 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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460 | |
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461 | The @code{open} function establishes a connection between a file and a file |
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462 | descriptor. The file descriptor is a small integer that is used by I/O |
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463 | functions to reference the file. The @code{path} argument points to the |
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464 | pathname for the file. |
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465 | |
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466 | The @code{oflag} argument is the bitwise inclusive OR of the values of |
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467 | symbolic constants. The programmer must specify exactly one of the following |
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468 | three symbols: |
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469 | |
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470 | @table @b |
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471 | @item O_RDONLY |
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472 | Open for reading only. |
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473 | |
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474 | @item O_WRONLY |
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475 | Open for writing only. |
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476 | |
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477 | @item O_RDWR |
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478 | Open for reading and writing. |
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479 | |
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480 | @end table |
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481 | |
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482 | Any combination of the following symbols may also be used. |
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483 | |
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484 | @table @b |
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485 | @item O_APPEND |
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486 | Set the file offset to the end-of-file prior to each write. |
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487 | |
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488 | @item O_CREAT |
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489 | If the file does not exist, allow it to be created. This flag indicates |
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490 | that the @code{mode} argument is present in the call to @code{open}. |
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491 | |
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492 | @item O_EXCL |
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493 | This flag may be used only if O_CREAT is also set. It causes the call |
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494 | to @code{open} to fail if the file already exists. |
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495 | |
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496 | @item O_NOCTTY |
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497 | If @code{path} identifies a terminal, this flag prevents that teminal from |
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498 | becoming the controlling terminal for thi9s process. See Chapter 8 for a |
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499 | description of terminal I/O. |
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500 | |
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501 | @item O_NONBLOCK |
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502 | Do no wait for the device or file to be ready or available. After the file |
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503 | is open, the @code{read} and @code{write} calls return immediately. If the |
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504 | process would be delayed in the read or write opermation, -1 is returned and |
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505 | @code{errno} is set to @code{EAGAIN} instead of blocking the caller. |
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506 | |
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507 | @item O_TRUNC |
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508 | This flag should be used only on ordinary files opened for writing. It |
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509 | causes the file to be tuncated to zero length.. |
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510 | |
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511 | @end table |
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512 | |
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513 | Upon successful completion, @code{open} returns a non-negative file |
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514 | descriptor. |
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515 | |
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516 | @subheading NOTES: |
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517 | |
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518 | |
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519 | @page |
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520 | @subsection creat - Create a new file or rewrite an existing one |
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521 | |
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522 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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523 | |
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524 | @ifset is-C |
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525 | @example |
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526 | #include <sys/types.h> |
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527 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
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528 | #include <fcntl.h> |
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529 | |
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530 | int creat(const char *path, |
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531 | mode_t mode |
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532 | ); |
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533 | @end example |
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534 | @end ifset |
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535 | |
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536 | @ifset is-Ada |
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537 | @end ifset |
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538 | |
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539 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
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540 | |
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541 | @table @b |
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542 | @item EEXIST |
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543 | @code{Path} already exists and O_CREAT and O_EXCL were used. |
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544 | @item EISDIR |
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545 | @code{Path} refers to a directory and the access requested involved |
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546 | writing |
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547 | @item ETXTBSY |
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548 | @code{Path} refers to an executable image which is currently being |
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549 | executed and write access was requested |
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550 | @item EFAULT |
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551 | @code{Path} points outside your accessible address space |
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552 | @item EACCES |
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553 | The requested access to the file is not allowed, or one of the |
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554 | directories in @code{path} did not allow search (execute) permission. |
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555 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
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556 | @code{Path} was too long. |
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557 | @item ENOENT |
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558 | A directory component in @code{path} does not exist or is a dangling |
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559 | symbolic link. |
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560 | @item ENOTDIR |
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561 | A component used as a directory in @code{path} is not, in fact, a |
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562 | directory. |
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563 | @item EMFILE |
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564 | The process alreadyh has the maximum number of files open. |
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565 | @item ENFILE |
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566 | The limit on the total number of files open on the system has been |
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567 | reached. |
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568 | @item ENOMEM |
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569 | Insufficient kernel memory was available. |
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570 | @item EROFS |
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571 | @code{Path} refers to a file on a read-only filesystem and write access |
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572 | was requested |
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573 | |
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574 | @end table |
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575 | |
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576 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
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577 | |
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578 | @code{creat} attempts to create a file and return a file descriptor for |
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579 | use in read, write, etc. |
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580 | |
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581 | @subheading NOTES: None |
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582 | |
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583 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib. |
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584 | |
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585 | @page |
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586 | @subsection umask - Sets a file creation mask. |
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587 | |
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588 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
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589 | |
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590 | @ifset is-C |
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591 | @example |
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592 | #include <sys/types.h> |
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593 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
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594 | |
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595 | mode_t umask( |
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596 | mode_t cmask |
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597 | ); |
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598 | @end example |
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599 | @end ifset |
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600 | |
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601 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
602 | @end ifset |
---|
603 | |
---|
604 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
605 | |
---|
606 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
607 | |
---|
608 | The @code{umask()} function sets the process file creation mask to @code{cmask}. |
---|
609 | The file creation mask is used during @code{open()}, @code{creat()}, @code{mkdir()}, |
---|
610 | @code{mkfifo()} calls to turn off permission bits in the @code{mode} argument. |
---|
611 | Bit positions that are set in @code{cmask} are cleared in the mode of the |
---|
612 | created file. |
---|
613 | |
---|
614 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
615 | |
---|
616 | The @code{cmask} argument should have only permission bits set. All other |
---|
617 | bits should be zero. |
---|
618 | |
---|
619 | In a system which supports multiple processes, the file creation mask is inherited |
---|
620 | across @code{fork()} and @code{exec()} calls. This makes it possible to alter the |
---|
621 | default permission bits of created files. RTEMS does not support multiple processes |
---|
622 | so this behavior is not possible. |
---|
623 | |
---|
624 | @page |
---|
625 | @subsection link - Creates a link to a file |
---|
626 | |
---|
627 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
628 | |
---|
629 | @ifset is-C |
---|
630 | @example |
---|
631 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
632 | |
---|
633 | int link( |
---|
634 | const char *existing, |
---|
635 | const char *new |
---|
636 | ); |
---|
637 | @end example |
---|
638 | @end ifset |
---|
639 | |
---|
640 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
641 | @end ifset |
---|
642 | |
---|
643 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
644 | |
---|
645 | @table @b |
---|
646 | @item EACCES |
---|
647 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix |
---|
648 | @item EEXIST |
---|
649 | The named file already exists. |
---|
650 | @item EMLINK |
---|
651 | The number of links would exceed @code{LINK_MAX}. |
---|
652 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
653 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
---|
654 | effect. |
---|
655 | @item ENOENT |
---|
656 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
657 | @item ENOSPC |
---|
658 | No space left on disk. |
---|
659 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
660 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
---|
661 | was expected. |
---|
662 | @item EPERM |
---|
663 | Operation is not permitted. Process does not have the appropriate priviledges |
---|
664 | or permissions to perform the requested operations. |
---|
665 | @item EROFS |
---|
666 | Read-only file system. |
---|
667 | @item EXDEV |
---|
668 | Attempt to link a file to another file system. |
---|
669 | |
---|
670 | @end table |
---|
671 | |
---|
672 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
673 | |
---|
674 | The @code{link} function atomically creates a new link for an existing file |
---|
675 | and increments the link count for the file. |
---|
676 | |
---|
677 | If the @code{link} function fails, no directories are modified. |
---|
678 | |
---|
679 | The @code{existing} argument should not be a directory. |
---|
680 | |
---|
681 | The callder may (or may not) need permission to access the existing file. |
---|
682 | |
---|
683 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
684 | |
---|
685 | @page |
---|
686 | @subsection mkdir - Makes a directory |
---|
687 | |
---|
688 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
689 | |
---|
690 | @ifset is-C |
---|
691 | @example |
---|
692 | #include <sys/types.h> |
---|
693 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
---|
694 | |
---|
695 | int mkdir( |
---|
696 | const char *path, |
---|
697 | mode_t mode |
---|
698 | ); |
---|
699 | @end example |
---|
700 | @end ifset |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
703 | @end ifset |
---|
704 | |
---|
705 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
706 | |
---|
707 | @table @b |
---|
708 | @item EACCES |
---|
709 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix |
---|
710 | @item EEXIST |
---|
711 | The name file already exist. |
---|
712 | @item EMLINK |
---|
713 | The number of links would exceed LINK_MAX |
---|
714 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
715 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
---|
716 | effect. |
---|
717 | @item ENOENT |
---|
718 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
719 | @item ENOSPC |
---|
720 | No space left on disk. |
---|
721 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
722 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
---|
723 | was expected. |
---|
724 | @item EROFS |
---|
725 | Read-only file system. |
---|
726 | |
---|
727 | @end table |
---|
728 | |
---|
729 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
730 | |
---|
731 | The @code{mkdir()} function creates a new diectory named @code{path}. The |
---|
732 | permission bits (modified by the file creation mask) are set from @code{mode}. |
---|
733 | The owner and group IDs for the directory are set from the effective user ID |
---|
734 | and group ID. |
---|
735 | |
---|
736 | The new directory may (or may not) contain entries for.. and .. but is otherwise |
---|
737 | empty. |
---|
738 | |
---|
739 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
740 | |
---|
741 | @page |
---|
742 | @subsection mkfifo - |
---|
743 | |
---|
744 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | @ifset is-C |
---|
747 | @example |
---|
748 | int mkfifo( |
---|
749 | ); |
---|
750 | @end example |
---|
751 | @end ifset |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
754 | @end ifset |
---|
755 | |
---|
756 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
757 | |
---|
758 | @table @b |
---|
759 | @item E |
---|
760 | The |
---|
761 | |
---|
762 | @end table |
---|
763 | |
---|
764 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
765 | |
---|
766 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
767 | |
---|
768 | @page |
---|
769 | @subsection unlink - Removes a directory entry |
---|
770 | |
---|
771 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
772 | |
---|
773 | @ifset is-C |
---|
774 | @example |
---|
775 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
776 | |
---|
777 | int unlink( |
---|
778 | const char path |
---|
779 | ); |
---|
780 | @end example |
---|
781 | @end ifset |
---|
782 | |
---|
783 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
784 | @end ifset |
---|
785 | |
---|
786 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
787 | |
---|
788 | @table @b |
---|
789 | @item EACCES |
---|
790 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix |
---|
791 | @item EBUSY |
---|
792 | The directory is in use. |
---|
793 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
794 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
---|
795 | effect. |
---|
796 | @item ENOENT |
---|
797 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
798 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
799 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
---|
800 | was expected. |
---|
801 | @item EPERM |
---|
802 | Operation is not permitted. Process does not have the appropriate priviledges |
---|
803 | or permissions to perform the requested operations. |
---|
804 | @item EROFS |
---|
805 | Read-only file system. |
---|
806 | |
---|
807 | @end table |
---|
808 | |
---|
809 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
810 | |
---|
811 | The @code{unlink} function removes the link named by @code{path} and decrements the |
---|
812 | link count of the file referenced by the link. When the link count goes to zero |
---|
813 | and no process has the file open, the space occupied by the file is freed and the |
---|
814 | file is no longer accessible. |
---|
815 | |
---|
816 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
817 | |
---|
818 | @page |
---|
819 | @subsection rmdir - Delete a directory |
---|
820 | |
---|
821 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
822 | |
---|
823 | @ifset is-C |
---|
824 | @example |
---|
825 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
826 | |
---|
827 | int rmdir(const char *pathname |
---|
828 | ); |
---|
829 | @end example |
---|
830 | @end ifset |
---|
831 | |
---|
832 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
833 | @end ifset |
---|
834 | |
---|
835 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
836 | |
---|
837 | @table @b |
---|
838 | @item EPERM |
---|
839 | The filesystem containing @code{pathname} does not support the removal |
---|
840 | of directories. |
---|
841 | @item EFAULT |
---|
842 | @cdoe{Pathname} points ouside your accessible address space. |
---|
843 | @item EACCES |
---|
844 | Write access to the directory containing @code{pathname} was not |
---|
845 | allowed for the process's effective uid, or one of the directories in |
---|
846 | @code{pathname} did not allow search (execute) permission. |
---|
847 | @item EPERM |
---|
848 | The directory containing @code{pathname} has the stickybit (S_ISVTX) |
---|
849 | set and the process's effective uid is neither the uid of the file to |
---|
850 | be delected nor that of the director containing it. |
---|
851 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
852 | @code{Pathname} was too long. |
---|
853 | @item ENOENT |
---|
854 | A dirctory component in @code{pathname} does not exist or is a |
---|
855 | dangling sybolic link. |
---|
856 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
857 | @code{Pathname}, or a component used as a directory in @code{pathname}, |
---|
858 | is not, in fact, a directory. |
---|
859 | @item ENOTEMPTY |
---|
860 | @code{Pathname} contains entries other than . and .. . |
---|
861 | @item EBUSY |
---|
862 | @code{Pathname} is the current working directory or root directory of |
---|
863 | some process |
---|
864 | @item EBUSY |
---|
865 | @code{Pathname} is the current directory or root directory of some |
---|
866 | process. |
---|
867 | @item ENOMEM |
---|
868 | Insufficient kernel memory was available |
---|
869 | @item EROGS |
---|
870 | @code{Pathname} refers to a file on a read-only filesystem. |
---|
871 | @itemELOOP |
---|
872 | @code{Pathname} contains a reference to a circular symbolic link |
---|
873 | |
---|
874 | @end table |
---|
875 | |
---|
876 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
877 | |
---|
878 | @code{rmdir} deletes a directory, whic must be empty |
---|
879 | |
---|
880 | |
---|
881 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | @page |
---|
884 | @subsection rename - Renames a file |
---|
885 | |
---|
886 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
887 | |
---|
888 | @ifset is-C |
---|
889 | @example |
---|
890 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
891 | |
---|
892 | int rename(const char *old, |
---|
893 | const char *new |
---|
894 | ); |
---|
895 | @end example |
---|
896 | @end ifset |
---|
897 | |
---|
898 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
899 | @end ifset |
---|
900 | |
---|
901 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
902 | |
---|
903 | @table @b |
---|
904 | @item EACCES |
---|
905 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix. |
---|
906 | @item EBUSY |
---|
907 | The directory is in use. |
---|
908 | @item EEXIST |
---|
909 | The named file already exists. |
---|
910 | @item EINVAL |
---|
911 | Invalid argument. |
---|
912 | @item EISDIR |
---|
913 | Attempt to open a directory for writing or to rename a file to be a |
---|
914 | directory. |
---|
915 | @item EMLINK |
---|
916 | The number of links would exceed LINK_MAX. |
---|
917 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
918 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is |
---|
919 | in effect. |
---|
920 | @item ENOENT |
---|
921 | A file or directory does no exist. |
---|
922 | @item ENOSPC |
---|
923 | No space left on disk. |
---|
924 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
925 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a |
---|
926 | directory was expected. |
---|
927 | @item ENOTEMPTY |
---|
928 | Attempt to delete or rename a non-empty directory. |
---|
929 | @item EROFS |
---|
930 | Read-only file system |
---|
931 | @item EXDEV |
---|
932 | Attempt to link a file to another file system. |
---|
933 | @end table |
---|
934 | |
---|
935 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
936 | |
---|
937 | The @code{rename()} function causes the file known bo @code{old} to |
---|
938 | now be known as @code{new}. |
---|
939 | |
---|
940 | Ordinary files may be renamed to ordinary files, and directories may be |
---|
941 | renamed to directories; however, files cannot be converted using |
---|
942 | @code{rename()}. The @code{new} pathname may not contain a path prefix |
---|
943 | of @code{old}. |
---|
944 | |
---|
945 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
946 | |
---|
947 | If a file already exists by the name @code{new}, it is removed. The |
---|
948 | @code{rename()} function is atomic. If the @code{rename()} detects an |
---|
949 | error, no files are removed. This guarantees that the |
---|
950 | @code{rename("x", "x")} does not remove @code{x}. |
---|
951 | |
---|
952 | You may not rename dot or dot-dot. |
---|
953 | |
---|
954 | The routine is implemented in Cygnus newlib using @code{link()} and |
---|
955 | @code{unlink()}. |
---|
956 | |
---|
957 | @page |
---|
958 | @subsection stat - Gets information about a file |
---|
959 | |
---|
960 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
961 | |
---|
962 | @ifset is-C |
---|
963 | @example |
---|
964 | #include <sys/types.h> |
---|
965 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
---|
966 | |
---|
967 | int stat(const char *path, |
---|
968 | struct stat *buf |
---|
969 | ); |
---|
970 | @end example |
---|
971 | @end ifset |
---|
972 | |
---|
973 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
974 | @end ifset |
---|
975 | |
---|
976 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
977 | |
---|
978 | @table @b |
---|
979 | @item EACCES |
---|
980 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix. |
---|
981 | @item EBADF |
---|
982 | Invalid file descriptor. |
---|
983 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
984 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is |
---|
985 | in effect. |
---|
986 | @item ENOENT |
---|
987 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
988 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
989 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a |
---|
990 | directory was expected. |
---|
991 | |
---|
992 | @end table |
---|
993 | |
---|
994 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
995 | |
---|
996 | The @code{path} argument points to a pathname for a file. Read, write, or |
---|
997 | execute permission for the file is not required, but all directories listed |
---|
998 | in @code{path} must be searchable. The @code{stat()} function obtains |
---|
999 | information about the named file and writes it to the area pointed to by |
---|
1000 | @code{but}. |
---|
1001 | |
---|
1002 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | @page |
---|
1005 | @subsection fstat - |
---|
1006 | |
---|
1007 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1008 | |
---|
1009 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1010 | @example |
---|
1011 | int fstat( |
---|
1012 | ); |
---|
1013 | @end example |
---|
1014 | @end ifset |
---|
1015 | |
---|
1016 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1017 | @end ifset |
---|
1018 | |
---|
1019 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1020 | |
---|
1021 | @table @b |
---|
1022 | @item E |
---|
1023 | The |
---|
1024 | |
---|
1025 | @end table |
---|
1026 | |
---|
1027 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1028 | |
---|
1029 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1030 | |
---|
1031 | @page |
---|
1032 | @subsection access - Check user's permissions for a file |
---|
1033 | |
---|
1034 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1035 | |
---|
1036 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1037 | @example |
---|
1038 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
1039 | |
---|
1040 | int access(const char *pathname, |
---|
1041 | int mode |
---|
1042 | ); |
---|
1043 | @end example |
---|
1044 | @end ifset |
---|
1045 | |
---|
1046 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1047 | @end ifset |
---|
1048 | |
---|
1049 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1050 | |
---|
1051 | @table @b |
---|
1052 | @item EACCES |
---|
1053 | The requested access would be denied, either to the file itself or |
---|
1054 | one of the directories in @code{pathname}. |
---|
1055 | @item EFAULT |
---|
1056 | @code{Pathname} points outside your accessible address space. |
---|
1057 | @item EINVAL |
---|
1058 | @code{Mode} was incorrectly specified. |
---|
1059 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
1060 | @code{Pathname} is too long. |
---|
1061 | @item ENOENT |
---|
1062 | A directory component in @code{pathname} would have been accessible but |
---|
1063 | does not exist or was a dangling symbolic link. |
---|
1064 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
1065 | A component used as a directory in @code{pathname} is not, in fact, |
---|
1066 | a directory. |
---|
1067 | @item ENOMEM |
---|
1068 | Insufficient kernel memory was available. |
---|
1069 | |
---|
1070 | @end table |
---|
1071 | |
---|
1072 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1073 | |
---|
1074 | @code{Access} checks whether the process would be allowed to read, write or |
---|
1075 | test for existence of the file (or other file system object) whose name is |
---|
1076 | @code{pathname}. If @code{pathname} is a symbolic link permissions of the |
---|
1077 | file referred by this symbolic link are tested. |
---|
1078 | |
---|
1079 | @code{Mode} is a mask consisting of one or more of R_OK, W_OK, X_OK and F_OK. |
---|
1080 | |
---|
1081 | @subheading NOTES: None |
---|
1082 | |
---|
1083 | @page |
---|
1084 | @subsection chmod - Changes file mode. |
---|
1085 | |
---|
1086 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1087 | |
---|
1088 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1089 | @example |
---|
1090 | #include <sys/types.h> |
---|
1091 | #include <sys/stat.h> |
---|
1092 | |
---|
1093 | int chmod( |
---|
1094 | const char *path, |
---|
1095 | mode_t mode |
---|
1096 | ); |
---|
1097 | @end example |
---|
1098 | @end ifset |
---|
1099 | |
---|
1100 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1101 | @end ifset |
---|
1102 | |
---|
1103 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | @table @b |
---|
1106 | @item EACCES |
---|
1107 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix |
---|
1108 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
1109 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
---|
1110 | effect. |
---|
1111 | @item ENOENT |
---|
1112 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
1113 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
1114 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
---|
1115 | was expected. |
---|
1116 | @item EPERM |
---|
1117 | Operation is not permitted. Process does not have the appropriate priviledges |
---|
1118 | or permissions to perform the requested operations. |
---|
1119 | @item EROFS |
---|
1120 | Read-only file system. |
---|
1121 | |
---|
1122 | @end table |
---|
1123 | |
---|
1124 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | Set the file permission bits, the set user ID bit, and the set group ID bit |
---|
1127 | for the file named by @code{path} to @code{mode}. If the effective user ID |
---|
1128 | does not match the owner of the file and the calling process does not have |
---|
1129 | the appropriate privileges, @code{chmod()} returns -1 and sets @code{errno} to |
---|
1130 | @code{EPERM}. |
---|
1131 | |
---|
1132 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1133 | |
---|
1134 | @page |
---|
1135 | @subsection fchmod - |
---|
1136 | |
---|
1137 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1138 | |
---|
1139 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1140 | @example |
---|
1141 | int fchmod( |
---|
1142 | ); |
---|
1143 | @end example |
---|
1144 | @end ifset |
---|
1145 | |
---|
1146 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1147 | @end ifset |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1150 | |
---|
1151 | @table @b |
---|
1152 | @item E |
---|
1153 | The |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | @end table |
---|
1156 | |
---|
1157 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1158 | |
---|
1159 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1160 | |
---|
1161 | @page |
---|
1162 | @subsection chown - Changes the owner and/or group of a file. |
---|
1163 | |
---|
1164 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1165 | |
---|
1166 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1167 | @example |
---|
1168 | #include <sys/types.h> |
---|
1169 | #include <unistd.h> |
---|
1170 | |
---|
1171 | int chown( |
---|
1172 | const char *path, |
---|
1173 | uid_t owner, |
---|
1174 | gid_t group |
---|
1175 | ); |
---|
1176 | @end example |
---|
1177 | @end ifset |
---|
1178 | |
---|
1179 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1180 | @end ifset |
---|
1181 | |
---|
1182 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1183 | |
---|
1184 | @table @b |
---|
1185 | @item EACCES |
---|
1186 | Search permission is denied for a directory in a file's path prefix |
---|
1187 | @item EINVAL |
---|
1188 | Invalid argument |
---|
1189 | @item ENAMETOOLONG |
---|
1190 | Length of a filename string exceeds PATH_MAX and _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in |
---|
1191 | effect. |
---|
1192 | @item ENOENT |
---|
1193 | A file or directory does not exist. |
---|
1194 | @item ENOTDIR |
---|
1195 | A component of the specified pathname was not a directory when a directory |
---|
1196 | was expected. |
---|
1197 | @item EPERM |
---|
1198 | Operation is not permitted. Process does not have the appropriate priviledges |
---|
1199 | or permissions to perform the requested operations. |
---|
1200 | @item EROFS |
---|
1201 | Read-only file system. |
---|
1202 | |
---|
1203 | @end table |
---|
1204 | |
---|
1205 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1206 | |
---|
1207 | The user ID and group ID of the file named by @code{path} are set to |
---|
1208 | @code{owner} and @code{path}, respectively. |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | For regular files, the set group ID (S_ISGID) and set user ID (S_ISUID) |
---|
1211 | bits are cleared. |
---|
1212 | |
---|
1213 | Some systems consider it a security violation to allow the owner of a file to |
---|
1214 | be changed, If users are billed for disk space usage, loaning a file to |
---|
1215 | another user could result in incorrect billing. The @code{chown()} function |
---|
1216 | may be restricted to privileged users for some or all files. The group ID can |
---|
1217 | still be changed to one of the supplementary group IDs. |
---|
1218 | |
---|
1219 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1220 | |
---|
1221 | This function may be restricted for some file. The @code{pathconf} function |
---|
1222 | can be used to test the _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED flag. |
---|
1223 | |
---|
1224 | |
---|
1225 | |
---|
1226 | @page |
---|
1227 | @subsection utime - Change access and/or modification times of an inode |
---|
1228 | |
---|
1229 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1232 | @example |
---|
1233 | #include <sys/types.h> |
---|
1234 | |
---|
1235 | int utime(const char *filename, |
---|
1236 | struct utimbuf *buf |
---|
1237 | ); |
---|
1238 | @end example |
---|
1239 | @end ifset |
---|
1240 | |
---|
1241 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1242 | @end ifset |
---|
1243 | |
---|
1244 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1245 | |
---|
1246 | @table @b |
---|
1247 | @item EACCES |
---|
1248 | Permission to write the file is denied |
---|
1249 | @item ENOENT |
---|
1250 | @code{Filename} does not exist |
---|
1251 | |
---|
1252 | @end table |
---|
1253 | |
---|
1254 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1255 | |
---|
1256 | @code{Utime} changes the access and modification times of the inode |
---|
1257 | specified by @code{filename} to the @code{actime} and @code{modtime} |
---|
1258 | fields of @code{buf} respectively. If @code{buf} is NULL, then the |
---|
1259 | access and modification times of the file are set to the current time. |
---|
1260 | |
---|
1261 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1262 | |
---|
1263 | @page |
---|
1264 | @subsection ftrunctate - |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1267 | |
---|
1268 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1269 | @example |
---|
1270 | int ftrunctate( |
---|
1271 | ); |
---|
1272 | @end example |
---|
1273 | @end ifset |
---|
1274 | |
---|
1275 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1276 | @end ifset |
---|
1277 | |
---|
1278 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1279 | |
---|
1280 | @table @b |
---|
1281 | @item E |
---|
1282 | The |
---|
1283 | |
---|
1284 | @end table |
---|
1285 | |
---|
1286 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1287 | |
---|
1288 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1289 | |
---|
1290 | @page |
---|
1291 | @subsection pathconf - |
---|
1292 | |
---|
1293 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1294 | |
---|
1295 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1296 | @example |
---|
1297 | int pathconf( |
---|
1298 | ); |
---|
1299 | @end example |
---|
1300 | @end ifset |
---|
1301 | |
---|
1302 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1303 | @end ifset |
---|
1304 | |
---|
1305 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1306 | |
---|
1307 | @table @b |
---|
1308 | @item E |
---|
1309 | The |
---|
1310 | |
---|
1311 | @end table |
---|
1312 | |
---|
1313 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1314 | |
---|
1315 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | @page |
---|
1318 | @subsection fpathconf - |
---|
1319 | |
---|
1320 | @subheading CALLING SEQUENCE: |
---|
1321 | |
---|
1322 | @ifset is-C |
---|
1323 | @example |
---|
1324 | int fpathconf( |
---|
1325 | ); |
---|
1326 | @end example |
---|
1327 | @end ifset |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | @ifset is-Ada |
---|
1330 | @end ifset |
---|
1331 | |
---|
1332 | @subheading STATUS CODES: |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | @table @b |
---|
1335 | @item E |
---|
1336 | The |
---|
1337 | |
---|
1338 | @end table |
---|
1339 | |
---|
1340 | @subheading DESCRIPTION: |
---|
1341 | |
---|
1342 | @subheading NOTES: |
---|
1343 | |
---|