[bffb938] | 1 | make/README |
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| 2 | |
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[df49c60] | 3 | This file describes the layout and conventions of the application |
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| 4 | makefile support for RTEMS applications. Internally, RTEMS uses |
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| 5 | GNU-style autoconf/automake Makefiles as much as possible to |
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| 6 | ease integration with other GNU tools. |
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| 7 | |
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[bffb938] | 8 | All of these "make" trees are substantially similar; however this |
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[df49c60] | 9 | file documents the current state of the RTEMS Application Makefile |
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| 10 | support. |
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[bffb938] | 11 | |
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[df49c60] | 12 | This make tree is based on a build system originally developed |
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| 13 | to simplify porting projects between various OS's. The primary |
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| 14 | goals were: |
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[bffb938] | 15 | |
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| 16 | . simple *and* customizable individual makefiles |
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| 17 | |
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| 18 | . use widely available GNU make. There is no pre-processing or |
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| 19 | automatic generation of Makefiles. |
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| 20 | |
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[df49c60] | 21 | . Same makefiles work on *many* host OS's due to portability |
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| 22 | of GNU make and the host OS config files. |
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[bffb938] | 23 | |
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| 24 | . Support for different compilers and operating systems |
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| 25 | on a per-user basis. Using the same sources (including |
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| 26 | Makefiles) one developer can develop and test under SVR4, |
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| 27 | another under 4.x, another under HPUX. |
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| 28 | |
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[0707bd20] | 29 | . Builtin support for compiling "variants" such as debug |
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| 30 | versions. These variants can be built |
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[bffb938] | 31 | recursively. |
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| 32 | |
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| 33 | . Control of system dependencies. "hidden" dependencies on |
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| 34 | environment variables (such as PATH) |
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| 35 | have been removed whenever possible. No matter what your |
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| 36 | PATH variable is set to, you should get the same thing |
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| 37 | when you 'make' as everyone else on the project. |
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| 38 | |
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[df49c60] | 39 | This Makefile system has evolved into its present form and as it |
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| 40 | exists in RTEMS today, its sole goal is to build RTEMS applications. |
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| 41 | The use of these Makefiles hides the complexity of producing |
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| 42 | executables for a wide variety of embedded CPU families and target |
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| 43 | BSPs. Switching between RTEMS BSPs is accomplished via setting |
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| 44 | the environment variable "RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH." |
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| 45 | |
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[bffb938] | 46 | This description attempts to cover all aspects of the Makefile tree. Most |
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| 47 | of what is described here is maintained automatically by the configuration |
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| 48 | files. |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | The example makefiles in make/Templates should be used as a starting |
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| 51 | point for new directories. |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | There are 2 main types of Makefile: |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | directory and leaf. |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | Directory Makefiles |
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| 58 | ------------------- |
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| 59 | |
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| 60 | A Makefile in a source directory with sub-directories is called a |
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| 61 | "directory" Makefile. |
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| 62 | |
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| 63 | Directory Makefile's are simply responsible for acting as "middle-men" |
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| 64 | and recursing into their sub-directories and propagating the make. |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | For example, directory src/bin will contain only a Makefile and |
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| 67 | sub-directories. No actual source code will reside in the directory. |
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| 68 | The following commands: |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | $ cd src/bin |
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| 71 | $ make all |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | would descend into all the subdirectories of 'src/bin' and recursively |
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| 74 | perform a 'make all'. |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | A 'make debug' will recurse thru sub-directories as a debug build. |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | A template directory Makefile which should work in almost all |
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| 79 | cases is in make/Templates/Makefile.dir |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | Leaf Makefiles |
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| 83 | -------------- |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | Source directories that contain source code for libraries or |
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| 86 | programs use a "leaf" Makefile. |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | These makefiles contain the rules necessary to build programs |
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| 89 | (or libraries). |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | A template leaf Makefile is in Templates/Makefile.leaf . A template |
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| 92 | leaf Makefile for building libraries is in Templates/Makefile.lib . |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | |
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| 95 | NOTE: To simplify nested makefile's and source maintenance, we disallow |
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| 96 | combining source and directories (that make(1) would be expected to |
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| 97 | recurse into) in one source directory. Ie., a directory in the source |
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| 98 | tree may contain EITHER source files OR recursive sub directories, but NOT |
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[df49c60] | 99 | both. This assumption is generally shared with GNU automake. |
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[bffb938] | 100 | |
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| 101 | Variants (where objects go) |
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| 102 | --------------------------- |
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| 103 | |
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| 104 | All binary targets are placed in a sub-directory whose name is (for |
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| 105 | example): |
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| 106 | |
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[df49c60] | 107 | o-optimize/ -- optimized binaries |
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| 108 | o-debug/ -- debug binaries |
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[bffb938] | 109 | |
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[df49c60] | 110 | Using the template Makefiles, this will all happen automatically. |
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| 111 | The contents of these directories are specific to a BSP. |
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[bffb938] | 112 | |
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[df49c60] | 113 | Within a Makefile, the ${ARCH} variable is set to o-optimize, |
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| 114 | o-debug, etc., as appropriate. |
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[bffb938] | 115 | |
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[df49c60] | 116 | HISTORICAL NOTE: Prior to version 4.5, the name of the sub-directory |
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| 117 | in which objects were placed included the BSP name. |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | Typing 'make' will place objects in o-optimize. |
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| 120 | 'make debug' will place objects in o-debug. |
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[bffb938] | 121 | |
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[0707bd20] | 122 | The debug targets are equivalent to 'all' except that |
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[bffb938] | 123 | CFLAGS and/or LDFLAGS are modified as per the compiler config file for |
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| 124 | debug and profile support. |
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| 125 | |
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[0707bd20] | 126 | The targets debug etc., can be invoked recursively at |
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[df49c60] | 127 | the directory make level. So from the top of a tree, one could |
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| 128 | install a debug version of everything under that point by: |
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[bffb938] | 129 | |
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| 130 | $ cd src/lib |
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[29e68b75] | 131 | $ gmake debug |
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| 132 | $ gmake install |
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[bffb938] | 133 | |
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| 134 | When building a command that is linked with a generated library, the |
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| 135 | appropriate version of the library will be linked in. |
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| 136 | |
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| 137 | For example, the following fragments link the normal, debug, or |
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[0707bd20] | 138 | version of "libmine.a" as appropriate: |
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[bffb938] | 139 | |
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[df49c60] | 140 | LD_LIBS += $(LIBMINE) |
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[bffb938] | 141 | LIBMINE = ../libmine/${ARCH}/libmine.a |
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| 142 | |
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| 143 | ${ARCH}/pgm: $(LIBMINE) ${OBJS} |
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[df49c60] | 144 | $(make-exe) |
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[bffb938] | 145 | |
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| 146 | If we do 'gmake debug', then the library in |
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[df49c60] | 147 | ../libmine/o-debug/libmine.a will be linked in. If $(LIBMINE) |
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[bffb938] | 148 | might not exist (or might be out of date) at this point, we could add |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | ${LIBMINE}: FORCEIT |
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| 151 | cd ../libmine; ${MAKE} ${VARIANT_VA} |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | The above would generate the following command to build libmine.a: |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | cd ../libmine; gmake debug |
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| 156 | |
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| 157 | The macro reference ${VARIANT_VA} converts ${ARCH} to the word 'debug' |
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| 158 | (in this example) and thus ensures the proper version of the library |
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| 159 | is built. |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | Targets |
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| 163 | ------- |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | All Makefile's support the following targets: |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | all -- make "everything" |
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| 168 | install -- install "everything" |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | The following targets are provided automatically by |
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| 171 | the included config files: |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | clean -- delete all targets |
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| 174 | depend -- build a make dependency file |
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| 175 | "variant targets" -- special variants, see below |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | All directory Makefiles automatically propagate all these targets. If |
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| 179 | you don't wish to support 'all' or 'install' in your source directory, |
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| 180 | you must leave the rules section empty, as the parent directory Makefile |
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| 181 | will attempt it on recursive make's. |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | Configuration |
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| 185 | ------------- |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | All the real work described here happens in file(s) included |
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| 188 | from your Makefile. |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | All Makefiles include a customization file which is used to select |
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| 191 | compiler and host operating system. The environment variable |
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[df49c60] | 192 | RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH must point to the directory containing this file; eg: |
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[bffb938] | 193 | |
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[df49c60] | 194 | export RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH=/.../pc386/ |
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[bffb938] | 195 | |
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| 196 | All leaf Makefile's also include either 'make/leaf.cfg' (or |
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| 197 | 'make/lib.cfg' for building libraries). These config files provide |
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| 198 | default rules and set up the command macros as appropriate. |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | All directory Makefiles include 'make/directory.cfg'. directory.cfg |
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| 201 | provides all the rules for recursing through sub directories. |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | The Makefile templates already perform these include's. |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | 'make/leaf.cfg' (or directory.cfg) in turn includes: |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | a file specifying general purpose rules appropriate for |
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| 208 | both leaf and directory makefiles. |
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| 209 | ( make/main.cfg ) |
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| 210 | |
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| 211 | personality modules specified by the customization file for: |
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| 212 | compiler ( make/compilers/??.cfg ) |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | generic rules file |
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| 216 | ------------------ |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | [ make/main.cfg ] |
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| 219 | included by leaf.cfg or directory.cfg. |
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| 220 | |
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| 221 | This file contains some standard rules and variable assignments |
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| 222 | that all Makefiles need. |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | It also includes the FORCEIT: pseudo target. |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | OS config file for host machine |
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| 228 | ------------------------------- |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | [ make/os/OS-NAME.cfg ] |
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| 231 | included by main.cfg |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | Figures out the target architecture and specifies command names |
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| 234 | for the OS tools including RCS/CVS (but NOT for the compiler tools). |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | Compiler configuration for the target |
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| 238 | ------------------------------------- |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | [ compilers/COMPILER-NAME.cfg ] |
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| 241 | included by leaf.cfg |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | Specifies the names of tools for compiling programs. |
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| 244 | Names in here should be fully qualified, and NOT depend on $PATH. |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | Also specifies compiler flags to be used to generate optimized, |
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[0707bd20] | 247 | debugging versions, as well as rules to compile |
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[bffb938] | 248 | assembly language and make makefile dependencies. |
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| 249 | |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | Configuration Variables |
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| 252 | ----------------------- |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | Variables you have to set in the environment or in your Makefile. |
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[df49c60] | 255 | Note: the RTEMS module files set RTEMS_ROOT and RTEMS_CUSTOM |
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[bffb938] | 256 | for you. |
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| 257 | |
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[df49c60] | 258 | Makefile Variables |
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| 259 | ------------------ |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | RTEMS_BSP -- name of your 'bsp' eg: pc386, mvme136 |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | RTEMS_CPU -- CPU architecture e.g.: i386, m68k |
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[bffb938] | 264 | |
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[df49c60] | 265 | RTEMS_CPU_FAMILY -- CPU model e.g.: i486dx, m68020 |
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[bffb938] | 266 | |
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| 267 | RTEMS_ROOT -- The root of your source tree. |
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| 268 | All other file names are derived from this. |
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[df49c60] | 269 | [ eg: % setenv RTEMS_ROOT $HOME/work/RTEMS ] |
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[bffb938] | 270 | |
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| 271 | RTEMS_CUSTOM -- name of your config files in make/custom |
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| 272 | Example: |
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| 273 | $(RTEMS_ROOT)/make/custom/$(RTEMS_BSP).cfg |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | The value RTEMS_ROOT is used in the custom |
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| 276 | files to generate the make(1) variables: |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | PROJECT_RELEASE |
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[df49c60] | 279 | PROJECT_BIN |
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| 280 | PROJECT_INCLUDE |
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[bffb938] | 281 | PROJECT_TOOLS |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | etc., which are used within the make config files themselves. |
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| 284 | (The files in make/*.cfg try to avoid use of word RTEMS so |
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| 285 | they can be more easily shared by other projects) |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | Preset variables |
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| 288 | ---------------- |
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| 289 | |
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[df49c60] | 290 | Aside from command names set by the OS and compiler config files, |
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[bffb938] | 291 | a number of MAKE variables are automatically set and maintained by |
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| 292 | the config files. |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | PROJECT_RELEASE |
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| 295 | -- release/install directory |
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| 296 | [ $(PROJECT_ROOT) ] |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | PROJECT_BIN |
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| 299 | -- directory for installed binaries |
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| 300 | [ $(PROJECT_ROOT)/bin ] |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | PROJECT_TOOLS |
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| 303 | -- directory for build environment commands |
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| 304 | [ eg: $(PROJECT_ROOT)/build-tools ] |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | ARCH -- target sub-directory for object code |
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[df49c60] | 307 | [ eg: o-optimize or o-debug ] |
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[bffb938] | 308 | |
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| 309 | VARIANTS -- full list of all possible values for $(ARCH); |
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| 310 | used mainly for 'make clean' |
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[0707bd20] | 311 | [ eg: "o-optimize o-debug" ] |
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[bffb938] | 312 | |
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| 313 | VARIANT_VA -- Variant name. |
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[0707bd20] | 314 | Normally "", but for 'make debug' it is "debug". |
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[bffb938] | 315 | |
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| 316 | see make/leaf.cfg for more info. |
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| 317 | |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | Preset compilation variables |
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| 320 | ---------------------------- |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | This is a list of some of the compilation variables. |
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| 323 | Refer to the compiler config files for the complete list. |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | CFLAGS_OPTIMIZE_V -- value of optimize flag for compiler |
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| 326 | [ eg: -O ] |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | CFLAGS_DEBUG_V -- value of debug flag for compiler |
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| 329 | [ eg: -g ] |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | CFLAGS_DEBUG_OPTIMIZE_V |
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| 332 | -- optimize flag if compiling for debug |
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| 333 | [ eg: "" ] |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | CFLAGS_DEBUG |
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| 336 | CFLAGS_OPTIMIZE -- current values for each depending |
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| 337 | on make variant. |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | LDFLAGS_STATIC_LIBRARIES_V |
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| 340 | -- ld option for static libraries |
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| 341 | -Bstatic or -dy (svr4) |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | LDFLAGS_SHARED_LIBRARIES_V |
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| 344 | -- ld option for dynamic libraries |
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| 345 | -Bdynamic or -dn (svr4) |
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| 346 | |
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| 347 | Makefile Variables |
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| 348 | ------------------ |
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| 349 | |
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| 350 | The following variables may be set in a typical Makefile. |
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| 351 | |
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| 352 | C_PIECES -- File names of your .c files without '.c' suffix. |
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| 353 | [ eg: C_PIECES=main funcs stuff ] |
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| 354 | |
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| 355 | CC_PIECES -- ditto, except for .cc files |
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| 356 | |
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| 357 | S_PIECES -- ditto, except for .S files. |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | LIB -- target library name in leaf library makefiles. |
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| 360 | [ eg: LIB=${ARCH}/libmine.a ] |
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| 361 | |
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| 362 | H_FILES -- your .h files in this directory. |
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| 363 | [ eg: H_FILES=stuff.h extra.h ] |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | DEFINES -- cc -D items. Included in CPPFLAGS. |
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| 366 | leaf Makefiles. |
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| 367 | [ eg: DEFINES += -DUNIX ] |
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| 368 | |
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| 369 | CPPFLAGS -- -I include directories. |
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| 370 | leaf Makefiles. |
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| 371 | [ eg: CPPFLAGS += -I../include ] |
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| 372 | |
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| 373 | LD_PATHS -- arguments to -L for ld. |
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| 374 | Will be prefixed with '-L' or '-L ' as appropriate |
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| 375 | and included in LDFLAGS. |
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| 376 | |
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| 377 | LDFLAGS -- -L arguments to ld; more may be ADDed. |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | LD_LIBS -- libraries to be linked in. |
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| 380 | [ eg: LDLIBS += ../libfoo/${ARCH}/libfoo.a ] |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | XCFLAGS -- "extra" CFLAGS for special needs. Pre-pended |
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| 383 | to CFLAGS. |
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| 384 | Not set or used by Makefiles. |
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| 385 | Can be set on command line to pass extra flags |
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| 386 | to the compiler. |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | XCPPFLAGS -- ditto for CPPFLAGS |
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| 389 | Can be set on command line to pass extra flags |
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| 390 | to the preprocessor. |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | XCCPPFLAGS -- same as XCPPFLAGS for C++. |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | XCCFLAGS -- same as XCFLAGS for C++. |
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| 395 | |
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[9608320] | 396 | SUBDIRS -- list of sub directories for make recursion. |
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[bffb938] | 397 | directory Makefiles only. |
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[9608320] | 398 | [ eg: SUBDIRS=cpu bsp ] |
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[bffb938] | 399 | |
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| 400 | CLEAN_ADDITIONS |
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| 401 | -- list of files or directories that should |
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| 402 | be deleted by 'make clean' |
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| 403 | [ eg: CLEAN_ADDITIONS += y.tab.c ] |
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| 404 | |
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| 405 | See 'leaf.cfg' for the 'clean:' rule and its |
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| 406 | default deletions. |
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| 407 | |
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| 408 | CLOBBER_ADDITIONS |
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| 409 | -- list of files or directories that should |
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| 410 | be deleted by 'make clobber' |
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| 411 | Since 'make clobber' includes 'make clean', |
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| 412 | you don't need to duplicate items in both. |
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| 413 | |
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| 414 | Command names |
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| 415 | ------------- |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | The following commands should only be called |
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| 418 | as make variables: |
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| 419 | |
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[df49c60] | 420 | MAKE,INSTALL,INSTALL_VARIANT,SHELL |
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[bffb938] | 421 | |
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[df49c60] | 422 | ECHO,CAT,CP,MV,LN,MKDIR,CHMOD |
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[bffb938] | 423 | |
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[df49c60] | 424 | SED |
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[bffb938] | 425 | |
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| 426 | CC,CPP,AS,AR,LD,NM,SIZE,RANLIB,MKLIB, |
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| 427 | YACC,LEX,LINT,CTAGS,ETAGS |
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| 428 | |
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[df49c60] | 429 | In addition, the following commands specifically support |
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| 430 | the installation of libraries, executables, header files, |
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| 431 | and other things that need to be installed: |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | INSTALL_CHANGE - install a file only if the source |
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| 434 | file is actually different than |
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| 435 | the installed copy or if there is |
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| 436 | no installed copy. USAGE: |
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| 437 | |
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| 438 | usage: install-if-change [ -vmV ] file [ file ... ] dest-directory-or-file |
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| 439 | -v -- verbose |
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| 440 | -V suffix -- suffix to append to targets (before any . suffix) |
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| 441 | eg: -V _g would change 'foo' to 'foo_g' and |
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| 442 | 'libfoo.a' to 'libfoo_g.a' |
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| 443 | -m mode -- mode for new file(s) |
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| 444 | |
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| 445 | INSTALL_VARIANT - installs the built file using the |
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| 446 | proper variant suffix (e.g. _g |
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| 447 | for debug turns libmine.a into libmine_g.a) |
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| 448 | This is implemented as a macro that |
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| 449 | invokes install-if-change with the |
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| 450 | appropriate -V argument setting. |
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| 451 | |
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[bffb938] | 452 | Special Directory Makefile Targets |
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| 453 | ---------------------------------- |
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| 454 | |
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| 455 | all_WRAPUP |
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| 456 | clean_WRAPUP |
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| 457 | install_WRAPUP |
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| 458 | clean_WRAPUP |
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| 459 | clobber_WRAPUP |
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| 460 | depend_WRAPUP |
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| 461 | -- Specify additional commands for recursive |
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| 462 | (directory level) targets. |
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| 463 | |
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| 464 | This is handy in certain cases where you need |
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| 465 | to do bit of work *after* a recursive make. |
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| 466 | |
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| 467 | make/Templates |
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| 468 | -------------- |
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| 469 | |
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| 470 | This directory contains Makefile and source file templates that |
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| 471 | should help in creating or converting makefiles. |
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| 472 | |
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| 473 | Makefile.leaf |
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| 474 | Template leaf Makefiles. |
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| 475 | |
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| 476 | Makefile.lib |
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| 477 | Template leaf library Makefiles. |
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| 478 | |
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| 479 | Makefile.dir |
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| 480 | Template "directory" makefile. |
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| 481 | |
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| 482 | |
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[df49c60] | 483 | |
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[bffb938] | 484 | |
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