source: rtems-libbsd/dhcpcd/dhcpcd.8.in @ f2ed769

4.1155-freebsd-126-freebsd-12freebsd-9.3
Last change on this file since f2ed769 was f2ed769, checked in by Sebastian Huber <sebastian.huber@…>, on 01/30/14 at 12:29:46

DHCPCD(8): Import

Import DHCPCD(8) from:

http://roy.marples.name/projects/dhcpcd/

The upstream sources can be obtained via:

fossil clone http://roy.marples.name/projects/dhcpcd

The imported version is 2014-01-29 19:46:44 [6b209507bb].

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 20.0 KB
Line 
1.\" Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Roy Marples
2.\" All rights reserved
3.\"
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5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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24.\"
25.Dd January 24, 2014
26.Dt DHCPCD 8
27.Os
28.Sh NAME
29.Nm dhcpcd
30.Nd a DHCP client
31.Sh SYNOPSIS
32.Nm
33.Op Fl 46ABbDdEGgHJKLpqTV
34.Op Fl C , Fl Fl nohook Ar hook
35.Op Fl c , Fl Fl script Ar script
36.Op Fl e , Fl Fl env Ar value
37.Op Fl F , Fl Fl fqdn Ar FQDN
38.Op Fl f , Fl Fl config Ar file
39.Op Fl h , Fl Fl hostname Ar hostname
40.Op Fl I , Fl Fl clientid Ar clientid
41.Op Fl i , Fl Fl vendorclassid Ar vendorclassid
42.Op Fl l , Fl Fl leasetime Ar seconds
43.Op Fl m , Fl Fl metric Ar metric
44.Op Fl O , Fl Fl nooption Ar option
45.Op Fl o , Fl Fl option Ar option
46.Op Fl Q , Fl Fl require Ar option
47.Op Fl r , Fl Fl request Ar address
48.Op Fl S , Fl Fl static Ar value
49.Op Fl s , Fl Fl inform Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr
50.Op Fl t , Fl Fl timeout Ar seconds
51.Op Fl u , Fl Fl userclass Ar class
52.Op Fl v , Fl Fl vendor Ar code , Ar value
53.Op Fl W , Fl Fl whitelist Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr
54.Op Fl w , Fl Fl waitip Op 4 | 6
55.Op Fl y , Fl Fl reboot Ar seconds
56.Op Fl X , Fl Fl blacklist Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr
57.Op Fl Z , Fl Fl denyinterfaces Ar pattern
58.Op Fl z , Fl Fl allowinterfaces Ar pattern
59.Op interface
60.Op ...
61.Nm
62.Fl n , Fl Fl rebind
63.Op interface
64.Nm
65.Fl k , Fl Fl release
66.Op interface
67.Nm
68.Fl U, Fl Fl dumplease
69.Ar interface
70.Nm
71.Fl Fl version
72.Nm
73.Fl x , Fl Fl exit
74.Op interface
75.Sh DESCRIPTION
76.Nm
77is an implementation of the DHCP client specified in
78.Li RFC 2131 .
79.Nm
80gets the host information
81.Po
82IP address, routes, etc
83.Pc
84from a DHCP server and configures the network
85.Ar interface
86of the
87machine on which it is running.
88.Nm
89then runs the configuration script which writes DNS information to
90.Xr resolvconf 8 ,
91if available, otherwise directly to
92.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
93If the hostname is currently blank, (null) or localhost, or
94.Va force_hostname
95is YES or TRUE or 1 then
96.Nm
97sets the hostname to the one supplied by the DHCP server.
98.Nm
99then daemonises and waits for the lease renewal time to lapse.
100It will then attempt to renew its lease and reconfigure if the new lease
101changes.
102.Pp
103.Nm
104is also an implementation of the BOOTP client specified in
105.Li RFC 951 .
106.Pp
107.Nm
108is also an implementation of the IPv6 Router Solicitor as specified in
109.Li RFC 4861
110and
111.Li RFC 6106 .
112.Nm
113can optionally handle address and route management itself,
114and will do so by default if Router Solicitation is disabled in the kernel.
115If
116.Nm
117is managing routes,
118.Nm
119sends Neighbor Solicitions to each advertising router periodically and will
120expire the ones that do not respond.
121.Pp
122.Nm
123is also an implemenation of the DHCPv6 client as specified in
124.Li RFC 3315 .
125By default,
126.Nm
127only starts DHCPv6 when instructed to do so by an IPV6 Router Advertisement.
128If no Identity Association is configured,
129then a Non-temporary Address is requested.
130.Ss Local Link configuration
131If
132.Nm
133failed to obtain a lease, it probes for a valid IPv4LL address
134.Po
135aka ZeroConf, aka APIPA
136.Pc .
137Once obtained it restarts the process of looking for a DHCP server to get a
138proper address.
139.Pp
140When using IPv4LL,
141.Nm
142nearly always succeeds and returns an exit code of 0.
143In the rare case it fails, it normally means that there is a reverse ARP proxy
144installed which always defeats IPv4LL probing.
145To disable this behaviour, you can use the
146.Fl L , Fl Fl noipv4ll
147option.
148.Ss Multiple interfaces
149If a list of interfaces are given on the command line, then
150.Nm
151only works with those interfaces, otherwise
152.Nm
153discovers available Ethernet interfaces.
154If any interface reports a working carrier then
155.Nm
156will try and obtain a lease before forking to the background,
157otherwise it will fork right away.
158This behaviour can be modified with the
159.Fl b , Fl Fl background
160and
161.Fl w , Fl Fl waitip
162options.
163.Pp
164If a single interface is given then
165.Nm
166only works for that interface and runs as a separate instance.
167The
168.Fl w , Fl Fl waitip
169option is enabled in this instance to maintain compatibility with older
170versions.
171.Pp
172Interfaces are preferred by carrier, DHCP lease/IPv4LL and then lowest metric.
173For systems that support route metrics, each route will be tagged with the
174metric, otherwise
175.Nm
176changes the routes to use the interface with the same route and the lowest
177metric.
178See options below for controlling which interfaces we allow and deny through
179the use of patterns.
180.Ss Hooking into events
181.Nm
182runs
183.Pa @SCRIPT@ ,
184or the script specified by the
185.Fl c , Fl Fl script
186option.
187This script runs each script found in
188.Pa @HOOKDIR@
189in a lexical order.
190The default installation supplies the scripts
191.Pa 01-test ,
192.Pa 10-mtu ,
193.Pa 10-wpa_supplicant ,
194.Pa 15-timezone ,
195.Pa 20-resolv.conf
196and
197.Pa 30-hostname .
198You can disable each script by using the
199.Fl C , Fl Fl nohook
200option.
201See
202.Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8
203for details on how these scripts work.
204.Nm
205currently ignores the exit code of the script.
206.Ss Fine tuning
207You can fine-tune the behaviour of
208.Nm
209with the following options:
210.Bl -tag -width indent
211.It Fl b , Fl Fl background
212Background immediately.
213This is useful for startup scripts which don't disable link messages for
214carrier status.
215.It Fl c , Fl Fl script Ar script
216Use this
217.Ar script
218instead of the default
219.Pa @SCRIPT@ .
220.It Fl D , Fl Fl duid
221Generate an
222.Li RFC 4361
223compliant clientid.
224This requires persistent storage and not all DHCP servers work with it so it
225is not enabled by default.
226.Nm
227generates the DUID and stores it in
228.Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/dhcpcd.duid .
229This file should not be copied to other hosts.
230.It Fl d , Fl Fl debug
231Echo debug messages to the stderr and syslog.
232.It Fl E , Fl Fl lastlease
233If
234.Nm
235cannot obtain a lease, then try to use the last lease acquired for the
236interface.
237If the
238.Fl p, Fl Fl persistent
239option is not given then the lease is used if it hasn't expired.
240.It Fl e , Fl Fl env Ar value
241Push
242.Ar value
243to the environment for use in
244.Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 .
245For example, you can force the hostname hook to always set the hostname with
246.Fl e
247.Va force_hostname=YES .
248.It Fl g , Fl Fl reconfigure
249.Nm
250will re-apply IP address, routing and run
251.Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8
252for each interface.
253This is useful so that a 3rd party such as PPP or VPN can change the routing
254table and / or DNS, etc and then instruct
255.Nm
256to put things back afterwards.
257.Nm
258does not read a new configuration when this happens - you should rebind if you
259need that functionality.
260.It Fl F , Fl Fl fqdn Ar fqdn
261Requests that the DHCP server updates DNS using FQDN instead of just a
262hostname.
263Valid values for
264.Ar fqdn
265are disable, none, ptr and both.
266.Nm
267itself never does any DNS updates.
268.Nm
269encodes the FQDN hostname as specified in
270.Li RFC1035 .
271.It Fl f , Fl Fl config Ar file
272Specify a config to load instead of
273.Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/dhcpcd.conf .
274.Nm
275always processes the config file before any command line options.
276.It Fl h , Fl Fl hostname Ar hostname
277Sends
278.Ar hostname
279to the DHCP server so it can be registered in DNS.
280If
281.Ar hostname
282is an empty string then the current system hostname is sent.
283If
284.Ar hostname
285is a FQDN (ie, contains a .) then it will be encoded as such.
286.It Fl I , Fl Fl clientid Ar clientid
287Send the
288.Ar clientid .
289If the string is of the format 01:02:03 then it is encoded as hex.
290For interfaces whose hardware address is longer than 8 bytes, or if the
291.Ar clientid
292is an empty string then
293.Nm
294sends a default
295.Ar clientid
296of the hardware family and the hardware address.
297.It Fl i , Fl Fl vendorclassid Ar vendorclassid
298Override the DHCPv4
299.Ar vendorclassid
300field sent.
301The default is
302dhcpcd-<version>:<os>:<machine>:<platform>.
303For example
304.D1 dhcpcd-5.5.6:NetBSD-6.99.5:i386:i386
305If not set then none is sent.
306Some badly configured DHCP servers reject unknown vendorclassids.
307To work around it, try and impersonate Windows by using the MSFT vendorclassid.
308.It Fl k , Fl Fl release Op Ar interface
309This causes an existing
310.Nm
311process running on the
312.Ar interface
313to release its lease and de-configure the
314.Ar interface .
315If no
316.Ar interface
317is specified then this applies to all interfaces.
318If no interfaces are left running,
319.Nm
320will exit.
321.It Fl l , Fl Fl leasetime Ar seconds
322Request a specific lease time in
323.Ar seconds .
324By default
325.Nm
326does not request any lease time and leaves it in the hands of the
327DHCP server.
328.It Fl m , Fl Fl metric Ar metric
329Metrics are used to prefer an interface over another one, lowest wins.
330.Nm
331will supply a default metic of 200 +
332.Xr if_nametoindex 3 .
333An extra 100 will be added for wireless interfaces.
334.It Fl n , Fl Fl rebind Op Ar interface
335Notifies
336.Nm
337to reload its configuration and rebind the specified
338.Ar interface .
339If no interface is specified then this applies to all interfaces.
340If
341.Nm
342is not running, then it starts up as normal.
343This may also cause
344.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
345to reload its configuration for each interface as well.
346.It Fl o , Fl Fl option Ar option
347Request the DHCP
348.Ar option
349variable for use in
350.Pa @SCRIPT@ .
351.It Fl p , Fl Fl persistent
352.Nm
353normally de-configures the
354.Ar interface
355and configuration when it exits.
356Sometimes, this isn't desirable if, for example, you have root mounted over
357NFS or SSH clients connect to this host and they need to be notified of
358the host shutting down.
359You can use this option to stop this from happening.
360.It Fl r , Fl Fl request Op Ar address
361Request the
362.Ar address
363in the DHCP DISCOVER message.
364There is no guarantee this is the address the DHCP server will actually give.
365If no
366.Ar address
367is given then the first address currently assigned to the
368.Ar interface
369is used.
370.It Fl s , Fl Fl inform Op Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr
371Behaves like
372.Fl r , Fl Fl request
373as above, but sends a DHCP INFORM instead of DISCOVER/REQUEST.
374This does not get a lease as such, just notifies the DHCP server of the
375.Ar address
376in use.
377You should also include the optional
378.Ar cidr
379network number in case the address is not already configured on the interface.
380.Nm
381remains running and pretends it has an infinite lease.
382.Nm
383will not de-configure the interface when it exits.
384If
385.Nm
386fails to contact a DHCP server then it returns a failure instead of falling
387back on IPv4LL.
388.It Fl S, Fl Fl static Ar value
389Configures a static
390.Ar value .
391If you set
392.Ic ip_address
393then
394.Nm
395will not attempt to obtain a lease and just use the value for the address with
396an infinite lease time.
397.Pp
398Here is an example which configures a static address, routes and dns.
399.D1 dhcpcd -S ip_address=192.168.0.10/24 \e
400.D1 -S routers=192.168.0.1 \e
401.D1 -S domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1 \e
402.D1 eth0
403.It Fl t , Fl Fl timeout Ar seconds
404Timeout after
405.Ar seconds ,
406instead of the default 30.
407A setting of 0
408.Ar seconds
409causes
410.Nm
411to wait forever to get a lease.
412If
413.Nm
414is working on a single interface then
415.Nm
416will exit when a timeout occurs, otherwise
417.Nm
418will fork into the background.
419If using IPv4LL then
420.Nm
421start the IPv4LL process after the timeout and then wait a little longer
422before really timing out.
423.It Fl u , Fl Fl userclass Ar class
424Tags the DHCPv4 message with the userclass
425.Ar class .
426DHCP servers use this to give members of the class DHCP options other than the
427default, without having to know things like hardware address or hostname.
428.It Fl v , Fl Fl vendor Ar code , Ns Ar value
429Add an encapsulated vendor option.
430.Ar code
431should be between 1 and 254 inclusive.
432To add a raw vendor string, omit
433.Ar code
434but keep the comma.
435Examples.
436.Pp
437Set the vendor option 01 with an IP address.
438.D1 dhcpcd \-v 01,192.168.0.2 eth0
439Set the vendor option 02 with a hex code.
440.D1 dhcpcd \-v 02,01:02:03:04:05 eth0
441Set the vendor option 03 with an IP address as a string.
442.D1 dhcpcd \-v 03,\e"192.168.0.2\e" eth0
443Set un-encapsulated vendor option to hello world.
444.D1 dhcpcd \-v ,"hello world" eth0
445.It Fl Fl version
446Display both program version and copyright information.
447.Nm
448then exits before doing any configuration.
449.It Fl w , Fl Fl waitip Op 4 | 6
450Wait for an address to be assigned before forking to the background.
4514 means wait for an IPv4 address to be assigned.
4526 means wait for an IPv6 address to be assigned.
453If no argument is given,
454.Nm
455will wait for any address protocol to be assigned.
456It is possible to wait for more than one address protocol and
457.Nm
458will only fork to the background when all waiting conditions are satisfied.
459.It Fl x , Fl Fl exit Op Ar interface
460This will signal an existing
461.Nm
462process running on the
463.Ar interface
464to de-configure the
465.Ar interface
466and exit.
467If no interface is specified, then the above is applied to all interfaces.
468.Nm
469then waits until this process has exited.
470.It Fl y , Fl Fl reboot Ar seconds
471Allow
472.Ar reboot
473seconds before moving to the discover phase if we have an old lease to use.
474The default is 5 seconds.
475A setting of 0 seconds causes
476.Nm
477to skip the reboot phase and go straight into discover.
478.El
479.Ss Restricting behaviour
480.Nm
481will try to do as much as it can by default.
482However, there are sometimes situations where you don't want the things to be
483configured exactly how the the DHCP server wants.
484Here are some options that deal with turning these bits off.
485.Bl -tag -width indent
486.It Fl 4 , Fl Fl ipv4only
487Only configure IPv4.
488.It Fl 6 , Fl Fl ipv6only
489Only confgiure IPv6.
490.It Fl A , Fl Fl noarp
491Don't request or claim the address by ARP.
492This also disables IPv4LL.
493.It Fl B , Fl Fl nobackground
494Don't run in the background when we acquire a lease.
495This is mainly useful for running under the control of another process, such
496as a debugger or a network manager.
497.It Fl C , Fl Fl nohook Ar script
498Don't run this hook script.
499Matches full name, or prefixed with 2 numbers optionally ending with
500.Pa .sh .
501.Pp
502So to stop
503.Nm
504from touching your DNS or MTU settings you would do:-
505.D1 dhcpcd -C resolv.conf -C mtu eth0
506.It Fl G , Fl Fl nogateway
507Don't set any default routes.
508.It Fl H , Fl Fl xidhwaddr
509Use the last four bytes of the hardware address as the DHCP xid instead
510of a randomly generated number.
511.It Fl J , Fl Fl broadcast
512Instructs the DHCP server to broadcast replies back to the client.
513Normally this is only set for non Ethernet interfaces,
514such as FireWire and InfiniBand.
515In most instances,
516.Nm
517will set this automatically.
518.It Fl K , Fl Fl nolink
519Don't receive link messages for carrier status.
520You should only have to use this with buggy device drivers or running
521.Nm
522through a network manager.
523.It Fl L , Fl Fl noipv4ll
524Don't use IPv4LL (aka APIPA, aka Bonjour, aka ZeroConf).
525.It Fl O , Fl Fl nooption Ar option
526Don't request the specified option.
527If no option given, then don't request any options other than those to
528configure the interface and routing.
529.It Fl Q , Fl Fl require Ar option
530Requires the
531.Ar option
532to be present in all DHCP messages, otherwise the message is ignored.
533To enforce that
534.Nm
535only responds to DHCP servers and not BOOTP servers, you can
536.Fl Q
537.Ar dhcp_message_type .
538.It Fl q , Fl Fl quiet
539Quiet
540.Nm
541on the command line, only warnings and errors will be displayed.
542The messages are still logged though.
543.It Fl T, Fl Fl test
544On receipt of DHCP messages just call
545.Pa @SCRIPT@
546with the reason of TEST which echos the DHCP variables found in the message
547to the console.
548The interface configuration isn't touched and neither are any configuration
549files.
550To test INFORM the interface needs to be configured with the desired address
551before starting
552.Nm .
553.It Fl U, Fl Fl dumplease Ar interface
554Dumps the last lease for the
555.Ar interface
556to stdout.
557.Ar interface
558could also be a path to a DHCP wire formatted file.
559.It Fl V, Fl Fl variables
560Display a list of option codes and the associated variable for use in
561.Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 .
562Variables are prefixed with new_ and old_ unless the option number is -.
563Variables without an option are part of the DHCP message and cannot be
564directly requested.
565.It Fl W, Fl Fl whitelist Ar address Ns Op /cidr
566Only accept packets from
567.Ar address Ns Op /cidr .
568.Fl X, Fl Fl blacklist
569is ignored if
570.Fl W, Fl Fl whitelist
571is set.
572.It Fl X, Fl Fl blacklist Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr
573Ignore all packets from
574.Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr .
575.It Fl Z , Fl Fl denyinterfaces Ar pattern
576When discovering interfaces, the interface name must not match
577.Ar pattern
578which is a space or comma separated list of patterns passed to
579.Xr fnmatch 3 .
580.It Fl z , Fl Fl allowinterfaces Ar pattern
581When discovering interfaces, the interface name must match
582.Ar pattern
583which is a space or comma separated list of patterns passed to
584.Xr fnmatch 3 .
585If the same interface is matched in
586.Fl Z , Fl Fl denyinterfaces
587then it is still denied.
588.It Fl Fl nodev
589Don't load any
590.Pa /dev
591management modules.
592.El
593.Sh 3RDPARTY LINK MANAGEMENT
594Some interfaces require configuration by 3rd parties, such as PPP or VPN.
595When an interface configuration in
596.Nm
597is marked as STATIC or INFORM without an address then
598.Nm
599will monitor the interface until an address is added or removed from it and
600act accordingly.
601For point to point interfaces (like PPP), a default route to its
602destination is automatically added to the configuration.
603If the point to point interface is configured for INFORM, then
604.Nm
605unicasts INFORM to the destination, otherwise it defaults to STATIC.
606.Sh NOTES
607.Nm
608requires a Berkley Packet Filter, or BPF device on BSD based systems and a
609Linux Socket Filter, or LPF device on Linux based systems for all IPv4
610configuration.
611.Sh FILES
612.Bl -ohang
613.It Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/dhcpcd.conf
614Configuration file for dhcpcd.
615If you always use the same options, put them here.
616.It Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/dhcpcd.duid
617Text file that holds the DUID used to identify the host.
618.It Pa @SCRIPT@
619Bourne shell script that is run to configure or de-configure an interface.
620.It Pa @LIBDIR@/dhcpcd/dev
621.Pa /dev
622management modules.
623.It Pa @HOOKDIR@
624A directory containing bourne shell scripts that are run by the above script.
625Each script can be disabled by using the
626.Fl C , Fl Fl nohook
627option described above.
628.It Pa @DBDIR@/dhcpcd\- Ns Ar interface Ns .lease
629The actual DHCP message send by the server.
630We use this when reading the last
631lease and use the files mtime as when it was issued.
632.It Pa @DBDIR@/dhcpcd-rdm.monotonic
633Stores the monotonic counter used in the
634.Ar replay
635field in Authentication Options.
636.It Pa /var/run/dhcpcd.pid
637Stores the PID of
638.Nm
639running on all interfaces.
640.It Pa /var/run/dhcpcd\- Ns Ar interface Ns .pid
641Stores the PID of
642.Nm
643running on the
644.Ar interface .
645.El
646.Sh SEE ALSO
647.Xr fnmatch 3 ,
648.Xr if_nametoindex 3 ,
649.Xr dhcpcd.conf 5 ,
650.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
651.Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 ,
652.Xr resolvconf 8
653.Sh STANDARDS
654RFC\ 951, RFC\ 1534, RFC\ 2104, RFC\ 2131, RFC\ 2132, RFC\ 2855, RFC\ 3004,
655RFC\ 3118, RFC\ 3315, RFC\ 3361, RFC\ 3633, RFC\ 3396, RFC\ 3397, RFC\ 3442,
656RFC\ 3495, RFC\ 3925, RFC\ 3927, RFC\ 4039, RFC\ 4075, RFC\ 4242, RFC\ 4361,
657RFC\ 4390, RFC\ 4702, RFC\ 4074, RFC\ 4861, RFC\ 4833, RFC\ 5227, RFC\ 5942,
658RFC\ 5969, RFC\ 6106.
659.Sh AUTHORS
660.An Roy Marples Aq Mt roy@marples.name
661.Sh BUGS
662Please report them to
663.Lk http://roy.marples.name/projects/dhcpcd
664.Pp
665If authentication is used and the
666.Pa @DBDIR@/dhcpcd-rdm.monotonic
667file is removed or altered then the DHCP server will need it's notion
668of the last replay value
669.Nm
670sent reset.
671We could change this to use a NTP time stamp instead, but it's
672more likely the RTC on this host is broken which would cause the same result.
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