source: rtems-docs/develenv/utilities.rst @ 9b53679

.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0

RTEMS Specific Utilities
########################

This section describes the additional commands available within the *RTEMS
Development Environment*.  Although some of these commands are of general use,
most are included to provide some capability necessary to perform a required
function in the development of the RTEMS executive, one of its support
components, or an RTEMS based application.

Some of the commands are implemented as C programs.  However, most commands are
implemented as Bourne shell scripts.  Even if the current user has selected a
different shell, the scripts will automatically invoke the Bourne shell during
their execution lifetime.

The commands are presented in UNIX manual page style for compatibility and
convenience.  A standard set of paragraph headers were used for all of the
command descriptions.  If a section contained no data, the paragraph header was
omitted to conserve space.  Each of the permissible paragraph headers and their
contents are described below:

``SYNOPSIS``
    describes the command syntax

``DESCRIPTION``
    a full description of the command

``OPTIONS``
    describes each of the permissible options for the command

``NOTES``
    lists any special noteworthy comments about the command

``ENVIRONMENT``
    describes all environment variables utilized by the command

``EXAMPLES``
    illustrates the use of the command with specific examples

``FILES``
    provides a list of major files that the command references

``SEE ALSO``
    lists any relevant commands which can be consulted

Most environment variables referenced by the commands are defined for the RTEMS
Development Environment during the login procedure.  During login, the user
selects a default RTEMS environment through the use of the Modules package.
This tool effectively sets the environment variables to provide a consistent
development environment for a specific user.  Additional environment variables
within the RTEMS environment were set by the system administrator during
installation.  When specifying paths, a command description makes use of these
environment variables.

When referencing other commands in the SEE ALSO paragraph, the following
notation is used: command(code).  Where command is the name of a related
command, and code is a section number.  Valid section numbers are as follows:

``1``
    Section 1 of the standard UNIX documentation

``1G``
    Section 1 of the GNU documentation

``1R``
    a manual page from this document, the RTEMS Development Environment Guide

For example, ``ls(1)`` means see the standard ls command in section 1 of the
UNIX documentation.  gcc020(1G) means see the description of gcc020 in section
1 of the GNU documentation.

packhex - Compress Hexadecimal File
===================================

**SYNOPSIS**

.. code-block:: c

    packhex <source >destination

**DESCRIPTION**

packhex accepts Intel Hexadecimal or Motorola Srecord on its standard input and
attempts to pack as many contiguous bytes as possible into a single hexadecimal
record.  Many programs output hexadecimal records which are less than 80 bytes
long (for human viewing).  The overhead required by each unnecessary record is
significant and packhex can often reduce the size of the download image by 20%.
packhex attempts to output records which are as long as the hexadecimal format
allows.

**OPTIONS**

This command has no options.

**EXAMPLES**

Assume the current directory contains the Motorola Srecord file
download.sr. Then executing the command:

.. code-block:: c

    packhex <download.sr >packed.sr

will generate the file packed.sr which is usually smaller than download.sr.

**CREDITS**

The source for packhex first appeared in the May 1993 issue of Embedded Systems
magazine.  The code was downloaded from their BBS.  Unfortunately, the author's
name was not provided in the listing.

unhex - Convert Hexadecimal File into Binary Equivalent
=======================================================

**SYNOPSIS**

.. code-block:: c

    unhex [-valF] [-o file] [file [file ...] ]

**DESCRIPTION**

unhex accepts Intel Hexadecimal, Motorola Srecord, or TI 'B' records and
converts them to their binary equivalent.  The output may sent to standout or
may be placed in a specified file with the -o option.  The designated output
file may not be an input file.  Multiple input files may be specified with
their outputs logically concatenated into the output file.

**OPTIONS**

This command has the following options:

``v``
    Verbose

``a base``
    First byte of output corresponds with base address

``l``
    Linear Output

``o file``
    Output File

``F k_bits``
    Fill holes in input with 0xFFs up to k_bits * 1024 bits

**EXAMPLES**

The following command will create a binary equivalent file for the two Motorola
S record files in the specified output file binary.bin:

.. code-block:: c

    unhex -o binary.bin downloadA.sr downloadB.sr